The Coretec Group Stock

The Coretec Group Inc., together with its wholly owned subsidiary, Coretec Industries LLC (Coretec), engages in developing, testing, and providing new and/or improved technologies, products, and service solutions for energy-related industries, including, but not limited to oil/gas, renewable energy, and distributed energy industries. Many of these technologies and products also have application for medical, electronic, photonic, display, and lighting markets among others. Early adoption of these technologies and products is anticipated in markets for energy storage (Li-ion batteries), renewable energy (BIPV), and electronics (Asset Monitoring).

Technology: The company owns intellectual property and patents related to the production and application of engineered silicon to enable new technologies and to improve the lifespan and performance of a variety of materials in a range of industries. The company is exploring opportunities to use its silicon discoveries and developments to improve the performance of lithium-ion batteries, solid-state LED lights and semiconductors, among other technologies. It is also exploring ways to use its intellectual property to develop optical plastics to advance development of its CSpace 3D imaging chamber.

Endurion: The company is developing a lithium-ion battery with a silicon-based anode under the name Endurion. The battery industry acknowledges silicon as the next frontier in increasing battery life and utility. As of December 31, 2022, battery developers had experienced expansion and contraction problems with silicon anodes, including continual formation and degradation of solid-electrolyte-interphase (SEI) material as lithium-ions are absorbed and discharged. During this process, silicon particles can break down, immediately reducing the charging capacity of the anodes. Additionally, the continual formation of solid-electrolyte-interphase (SEI) material consumes lithium-ions that are then unavailable for charging and can cause negative effects on cycle life. The company's battery development program, Endurion, addresses this problem by using silicon-based nanoparticles to mitigate the swelling and pulverization issues that are common in early iterations of silicon anodes. Additionally, Endurion nanoparticles are being engineered with an inherent SEI layer that will allow better conduction of lithium-ions across the SEI layer, thus leading to better cycle life. Using a bottom-up wet chemistry approach, Endurion is being designed to increase energy density in batteries and allow for greater endurance, enhanced performance, and larger capacity in burgeoning applications, such as electric vehicles, military technologies, mobile devices, and space exploration.

Cyclohexasilane (CHS): The company's underlying technology is focused on the production of a high-value liquid silicon precursor, cyclohexasilane (CHS). CHS is superior to other silicon precursor in many ways compared to materials commonly used for manufacturing silicon-based semiconductors and solar cells (monosilane or trichlorosilane), which have much lower boiling points that require more prescriptive handling that results in higher shipping and handling costs. Using CHS offers several potential technical advantages of using CHS versus common silicon precursors. The company anticipates that CHS will first be used as an alternative to monosilane or trichlorosilane when adding silicon to lithium ion batteries or when used in manufacturing silicon-based semiconductors.

The company also envisions long-term potential in several emerging markets where there are opportunities to convert CHS into nanoparticles and nanowires, for such purposes as energy storage; solid-state LED lighting; light sensing spectrometers; printable electronics; and building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) solar energy.

Enhancement of CSpace: The company's CSpace segment is developing technologies to produce 360-degree volumetric, high-resolution images in a 3D image chamber. The company is applying its technical expertise and intellectual property in silicon-based materials to advance commercialization prospects for its CSpace technology.

A key challenge in the evolution of CSpace is the development of the material used for the image chamber. The company is exploring and testing a variety of glass alternatives with a focus primarily in optimizing the weight and cost of a glass medium.

Endurion Business

The company's plan is to develop a Li-ion battery with a silicon-based anode. Research has shown that silicon has a 10X increased capacity of energy storage. So, even incremental amounts of silicon in the traditional graphite matrix could contribute substantially to overall increased anode capacity. The company's unique functionalized silicon nanoparticle anode material with an engineered SEI layer allows greater ability to access the unique material properties of silicon potentially leading to increased energy density, faster charging, and enhanced cycle life.

Endurion Business Model

The company's business model for Endurion is to use its expertise in engineering silicon to create modified silicon nanoparticles for the Endurion battery. The company uses its personnel, laboratory, and physical assets to research and develop Endurion. In addition, the company will utilize the resources of outside vendors for products and services, including outside testing providers, chemical material suppliers, and battery manufacturers.

Potential Applications for Endurion revenue include electric vehicles; consumer electronics; stationery and utility-scale energy storage for green energy development - wind and solar; and military vehicles, drones, and weapon systems, as well as wearable power for soldiers.

Cyclohexasilane Business

The company's business model is to identify and commercialize disruptive technologies requiring silicon that serve advanced technology markets. Sources of disruptive technology are often licensed technology created by major universities, institutes, national laboratories and other research centers. Where technology does not already exist, the company intends to sponsor and jointly develop research with its customers, as well continue its research in the company's lab.

The company is developing, testing, and providing new and/or improved technologies and resulting product solutions for energy-related industries, including, but not limited to energy storage, renewable energy, energy conservation, and distributed energy industries. Many of these technologies and resulting product solutions can also be applied to the broader markets of anti-counterfeit packaging, medical devices, electronics, photonics, and displays. The initial technologies and product solutions are based on new innovations in Cyclohexasilane (Si6H12); Silicon quantum dots (Si QDs); 'Stacked' polysilane ((R2Si)n); Doped alloy variants of the various silicon innovations; and future, high-refractive-index siloxane polymers (HRISP).

Early adoption of these technologies and resulting product solutions is anticipated in markets for energy storage (lithium-ion batteries), solid-state lighting (LEDs), solar energy and printable electronics.

Coretec's management leverages years of expertise and experience in equipment and services for the energy storage industry, procuring and managing investments and financial services, and in R&D and commercialization of material and chemical technologies.

CHS Business Model

Coretec's business model includes monitoring the ever-growing catalogue of new technologies and valuable IP for licensing opportunities that could lead to incremental improvements and/or additional features in resulting products or lead to next generation products for use by energy-related industries and is created and held within universities and o parties that may lack financial resources and/or interest to further develop and commercialize them.

Additionally, where needs exist, but new technologies and resulting products are not available, the company aims to conduct research-and-development (R&D) activities through sponsored projects performed at major universities, institutes, national laboratories and other research centers. The company will leverage existing, world-class expertise, experience, and laboratory facilities in these non-profit entities for R&D, testing, and proof-of-concept studies up to and, including studies at the device level that may be required to create commercialization opportunities.

Volumetric 3D Display Business

The company owns the rights to a patented volumetric 3D display technology that was developed by and with the University of Oklahoma (the University) under a Sponsored Research Agreement (SRA). The development as of December 31, 2022, had resulted in multiple technologies, two working laboratory prototypes (Lab Proto 1 and Lab Proto 2). Under the SRA, the company has obtained the exclusive worldwide marketing rights to these 3D display technologies. On December 28, 2010, the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) approved the patent called 'Light Surface Display for Rendering a Three-Dimensional Image', and issued the United States Patent No. 7,858,913. On August 21, 2012, the USPTO approved a continuation patent called '3D Volumetric Display' and issued the U.S. Patent No. 8,247,755. These patents describe the foundation of what is called CSpace technology (CSpace).

CSpace is a patented glasses-free 3D static volumetric display technology that is being designed to produce high-resolution full- color, true 3D images from 3D datasets generated by imaging systems or transformed from raw datasets (e.g., cyber data) that can benefit from visualization in 3D. Coretec CSpace will deliver 800 million voxels in a full color desktop format having a 360 degree viewing angle. The creation of high resolution images in a glass chamber reduces eye and cognitive fatigue that can degrade user comfort, endurance and reliability during decision making

The company plans to commercialize the CSpace volumetric 3D technology through customer-funded research-and-development contracts and technology licensing agreements for such high-value applications as air-traffic control, design visualization, and medical imaging. The company plans to develop products for contract engineering and with joint development customers.

Intellectual Property - Patents

Pending Applications

'Method of preparing CYCLOSILANE' - applications filed in the United States and internationally, September 27, 2021.

'Development of Advanced Silicon Anodes Using Cyclohexasilane other Silanes', PCT application filed, February 22, 2022.

'Method for Fabricating Silicon Quantum Dots' PCT application filed, August 30, 2022.

'Cyclohexasilane Derived Silicon-based Ultraviolet Light Emitting Diodes', application filed in the United States, December 2, 2022.

Granted

'Ultra High-Resolution Volumetric Three-Dimensional Display' - 9,423,682, August 23, 2016.

'Hloform 3D Projection Display' - 9,477,087, October 25, 2016.

Licensed

The following patents are exclusively licensed to the company from the University of Oklahoma:

United States Patents Granted

'3D Volumetric Display' - 8,247,755, August 21, 2012.

'3DLight Surface Display' - 8,075,139, December 13, 2011.

'Light Surface Display for Rendering a Three-Dimensional Image' - 7,858,913, December 28, 2010.

'Computer System with Digital Micromirror Device' - 8,487,865, July 16, 2014.

International Patents Granted-Japan

'Light Surface Display for Rendering a Three-Dimensional Image' - Japanese Patent Number 5,594,718, August 15, 2014.

Recent Developments

On January 11, 2022, the company announced that it had partnered with The University of Adelaide, one of the global top universities in the field of applied glass science and photonics, to develop a glass to be used in the company's CSpace, a 3D static volumetric display technology. This project will be jointly funded by The University of Adelaide.

On February 24, 2022, the company announced opening of a new wet laboratory. The company plans to use the lab to develop CHS, create silicon quantum dots, and create silicon-anode active materials for lithium-ion batteries. The lab design includes a fume hood and glove box, which is necessary to handle pyrophoric materials, such as silane gases and certain hydrides.

On April 29, 2022, the company announced its battery development program, Endurion. Endurion is being designed to improve battery cycling stability, enable longer run times, and allow for greater energy density in applications, such as electric vehicles, military technologies, mobile devices, and space exploration.

On June 3, 2022, the company filed a trademark application with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office for Endurion.

On June 7, 2022, the company announced its participation and planned attendance in electric vehicles and battery conferences and tradeshows. The company plans to leverage the EV and battery industries' top technical, business, and networking events to strengthen and expand its relationships, meet potential partners and clients, and grow awareness of the company's Endurion battery development program.

On June 28, 2022, the company announced the appointment of cleantech public relations firm FischTank PR to bolster visibility in cleantech, automotive and electric vehicle sectors.

On September 7, 2022, the company provided an update on its CSpace technology partnership with The University of Adelaide. For background, the company's CSpace technology controls two invisible infrared lasers to generate visible, 3D image pixels in an imaging chamber. The imaging chamber relies on rare earth ions that are dispersed within the chamber material to create visible pixels at the locations where the two lasers intersect. 3D images are created by scanning the two lasers across the imaging chamber material. The company has previously examined the use of low-phonon energy NaYF4 single crystal, and ZBLAN fluoride glass as the imaging chamber material.

On September 27, 2022, the company reported initial findings from its cyclohexasilane (CHS) testing with the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission.

Research and Development

The company's research and development costs amounted to approximately $535,837 for the year ended December 31, 2022.

History

The company was founded in 1995. The company was incorporated in 1995 under the laws of the state of Oklahoma. The company was formerly known as 3DIcon Corporation and changed its name to The Coretec Group Inc. in 2017.