Delek US Holdings Stock

Delek US Holdings, Inc. (Delek) engages in the integrated downstream energy business.

As of December 31, 2023, the company owned a 78.7% limited partner interest, as well as a non-economic general partner interest in Delek Logistics Partners, LP ('Delek Logistics'').

The company is focused on petroleum refining ('Refining' or the company's 'refining segment'); the transportation, storage and wholesale distribution of crude oil, intermediate and refined products ('Logistics' or the company's 'Logistics segment'); and convenience store retailing ('Retail' or the company's 'Retail segment').

The company operates through its consolidated subsidiaries, which include Delek US Energy, Inc. (and its subsidiaries) ('Delek Energy') and Alon USA Energy, Inc. (Alon) (and its subsidiaries).

Segments

Delek operates in three reportable operating segments: Refining, Logistics, and Retail.

Refining Segment

The company owns and operates four independent refineries located in Tyler, Texas (the 'Tyler refinery'), El Dorado, Arkansas (the 'El Dorado refinery'), Big Spring, Texas (the 'Big Spring refinery') and Krotz Springs, Louisiana (the 'Krotz Spring refinery'), representing a combined 302,000 bpd of crude throughput capacity. The company's refining system produces a variety of petroleum-based products used in transportation and industrial markets, which are sold to a wide range of customers located principally in inland, domestic markets and which comply with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) clean fuels standards. All four of these refineries are located in the Gulf Coast Region (PADD III), which is one of the five PADD regional zones established by the U.S. Department of Energy where refined products are produced and sold.

The company's Refining segment also includes three biodiesel facilities the company owns and operates that are engaged in the production of biodiesel fuels and related activities, located in Crossett, Arkansas, Cleburne, Texas and New Albany, Mississippi. The company's biodiesel facilities have 40 million gallons of annual capacity. In addition, the Refining segment also includes the company's wholesale crude operations.

Refining System Feedstock Purchases

The company purchases more crude oil than its refineries process, generally through a combination of long-term acreage dedication agreements and short-term crude oil purchase agreements. This provides the company with the opportunity to optimize the supply cost to the refineries while also maximizing the value of the volumes purchased directly from oil producers. The majority of the crude oil the company purchases is sourced from inland domestic sources, primarily in areas of Texas, Arkansas, and Louisiana, although the company can also purchase crude delivered via rail from other regions, including Oklahoma and Canada. Existing agreements with third-party pipelines and Delek Logistics allow the company to deliver approximately 200,000 bpd of crude oil from West Texas (principally Midland) directly to the company's refineries. Typically, approximately 228,000 bpd of the crude oil the company delivers to its four operating refineries is priced as a differential to the price of WTI crude oil.

Business and Properties

Refining System Production Slate

The company's refining system processes a combination of light sweet and medium sour crude oil, which, when refined, results in a product mix consisting principally of higher-value transportation fuels, such as gasoline, distillate and jet fuel. A lesser portion of the company's overall production consists of residual products, including paving asphalt, roofing flux and other products with industrial applications.

Refined Product Sales and Distribution

The company's refineries sell products on a wholesale and branded basis to inter-company and third-party customers located in Texas, Oklahoma, New Mexico, Arizona, Arkansas, Tennessee and the Ohio River Valley, including Gulf Coast markets and areas along the Enterprise Pipeline System and the Colonial Pipeline System, through terminals and exchanges.

Refining Segment Seasonality

The operating results of the company's Refining segment are generally lower for the first and fourth quarters of the calendar year (year ended December 2023).

Tyler Refinery

The company's Tyler refinery has a nameplate crude throughput capacity of 75,000 bpd, and is designed to process mainly light, sweet crude oil, which is typically a higher quality of crude than heavier sour crude. Its property consists of approximately 600 contiguous acres of land that the company owns in Tyler, Texas and adjacent areas, of which the main plant and associated tank farms adjacent to the refinery sit on approximately 100 acres. Additionally, it has access to crude oil pipeline systems that allow the company accesses to East Texas, West Texas and, to a limited extent, the Gulf of Mexico and foreign crude oil. Most of the crude supplied to the Tyler refinery is delivered by third-party pipelines and through pipelines owned by the company's Logistics segment.

Major processes at the company's Tyler refinery include crude distillation, vacuum distillation, naphtha reforming, naphtha and diesel hydrotreating, fluid catalytic cracking, alkylation, and delayed coking.

The Tyler refinery primarily produces two grades of gasoline (E10 premium 93 and E10 regular 87), as well as aviation gasoline, and also offers both E-10 and biodiesel blended products. Diesel and jet fuel products produced at the Tyler refinery include military specification jet fuel, commercial jet fuel and ultra-low sulfur diesel. In addition to higher-value gasoline and distillate fuels, the Tyler refinery produces small quantities of propane, refinery grade propylene and butanes, petroleum coke, slurry oil, sulfur and other blendstocks. The Tyler refinery produces both low-sulfur gasoline and ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel, both on-road and off-road, pursuant to the EPA clean fuels standards.

The Tyler refinery is the only major distributor of a full range of refined petroleum products within a radius of approximately 100 miles of its location. The vast majority of the company's transportation fuels and other products produced at the Tyler refinery supply the local market in the East Texas area and are sold directly from a refined products terminal owned by Delek Logistics and located at the refinery. This allows the company's customers to benefit from lower transportation costs compared to alternative sources. The company's customers include major oil companies, independent refiners and marketers, jobbers, distributors in the U.S. and Mexico, utility and transportation companies, the U.S. government and independent retail fuel operators.

Taking into account the Tyler refinery's crude and refined product slate, as well as the refinery's location near the Gulf Coast Region, the company applies the Gulf Coast 5-3-2 crack spread to calculate the approximate refined product margin resulting from processing one barrel of crude oil into three-fifths barrel of gasoline and two-fifths barrel of low sulfur diesel.

El Dorado Refinery

The company's El Dorado refinery has a nameplate crude throughput capacity of 80,000 bpd, and is designed to process a wide variety of crude oil, ranging from light sweet to heavy sour. The refinery site consists of approximately 460 acres of land that the company owns in El Dorado, Arkansas, of which the main plant and associated tank farms adjacent to the refinery sit on approximately 335 acres, and is the largest refinery in Arkansas, representing more than 90% of state-wide refining capacity. The refinery receives crude by several delivery points, including from local sources, as well as other third-party pipelines that connect directly into Delek Logistics' El Dorado Pipeline System, which runs from Magnolia, Arkansas, to the El Dorado refinery (the 'El Dorado Pipeline System'), and rail at third-party terminals. The company also purchases crude oil for the El Dorado refinery from inland sources in East and West Texas, as well as in south Arkansas and north Louisiana through a crude oil gathering system owned and operated by Delek Logistics (the 'SALA Gathering System').

Major processes at the company's El Dorado refinery include crude distillation, vacuum distillation, naphtha isomerization and reforming, naphtha and diesel hydrotreating, gas oil hydrotreating, fluid catalytic cracking and alkylation.

The El Dorado refinery produces a wide range of refined products, including multiple grades (E-10 premium 93 and E-10 regular 87) of gasoline and ultra-low sulfur diesel fuels, LPG, refinery grade propylene and a variety of asphalt products, including paving grade asphalt and roofing flux. The El Dorado refinery offers both E-10 and biodiesel blended products. The El Dorado refinery produces both low-sulfur gasoline and ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel, both on-road and off-road, pursuant to the EPA clean fuels standards.

Products manufactured at the El Dorado refinery supply a combination of pipeline bulk sales and wholesale rack sales sold to wholesalers and retailers through spot sales, commercial sales contracts and exchange agreements in markets in Arkansas, Memphis, Tennessee and north into the Ohio River Valley region, as well as in Mexico. The El Dorado refinery connection via the Logistics segment to the Enterprise Pipeline System is a key means of product distribution for the refinery, because it provides access to third-party terminals in multiple Mid-Continent markets located adjacent to the system, including Shreveport, Louisiana, North Little Rock, Arkansas, Memphis, Tennessee, Cape Girardeau, Missouri and Princeton, Indiana. The El Dorado refinery also supplies products to these markets through product exchanges on the Colonial Pipeline.

Big Spring Refinery

The company's Big Spring refinery has a nameplate crude throughput capacity of 73,000 bpd and is located on 1,306 acres of land that the company owns in the Permian Basin in West Texas. The main plant and associated tank farms adjacent to the refinery sit on approximately 330 acres. It is the closest refinery to Midland, which allows the company to efficiently source WTS and WTI Midland crude. Additionally, the Big Spring refinery has the ability to source locally-trucked crude, as well as crude locally gathered from the company's own developing gathering system, which enables the company to better control quality and eliminate the cost of transporting the crude supply from Midland.

The Big Spring refinery is designed to process a variety of crude, ranging from light sweet to medium sour, with the flexibility to convert its production to one or the other based on market pricing conditions. The company's Big Spring refinery receives WTS and WTI crude by truck from local gathering systems and regional common carrier pipelines. Other feedstocks, including butane, isobutane and asphalt blending components, are delivered by truck and railcar. A majority of the natural gas the company uses to run the refinery is delivered by a pipeline in which the company owns a majority interest.

In 2024, the company was selected by the Department of Energy's ('DOE') Office of Clean Energy Demonstrations to negotiate a cost-sharing agreement in the support of a carbon capture pilot project at the Big Spring refinery. The project will deploy carbon capture technology at the Big Spring refinery's FCC unit, while maintaining existing production capabilities and turnaround schedule. Expectations for the project are to capture 145,000 metric tons of carbon dioxide per year, as well as reduce health-harming pollutants, such as sulfur oxide and particulate matter. Carbon dioxide is expected to be transported by existing pipelines for permanent storage or utilization.

Major processes at the company's Big Spring refinery include crude distillation, vacuum distillation, naphtha reforming, naphtha and diesel hydrotreating, aromatic extraction, propane de-asphalting, fluid catalytic cracking, and alkylation.

The Big Spring refinery primarily produces two grades of gasoline (premium CBOB and CBOB). Diesel and jet fuel products produced at the Big Spring refinery include military specification jet fuel, commercial jet fuel and ultra-low sulfur diesel. The company also produces propane, propylene, certain aromatics, specialty solvents and benzene for use as petrochemical feedstocks, and asphalt along with other by-products, such as sulfur and carbon black oil. The Big Spring refinery produces both low-sulfur gasoline and ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel, both on-road and off-road, pursuant to EPA clean fuels standards, and certain boutique fuels supplied to the El Paso, Texas, and Phoenix, Arizona, markets.

The company's Big Spring refinery sells products in both the wholesale rack and bulk markets. The company sells motor fuels under both the Alon brand and on an unbranded basis through various terminals to supply numerous locations, including the convenience stores in Delek's Retail segment in Central and West Texas and New Mexico. The company sells transportation fuel production in excess of the company's branded and unbranded marketing needs through bulk sales and exchange channels entered into with various oil companies and trading companies which are transported through a product pipeline network or truck deliveries, depending on location, and through terminals located in Texas (Abilene, Wichita Falls, El Paso), Arizona (Tucson, Phoenix), and New Mexico (Albuquerque, Moriarty).

For the company's Big Spring refinery, the company compares its per barrel refined product margin to the Gulf Coast 3-2-1 crack spread, which is the approximate refined product margin resulting from processing one barrel of crude oil into two-thirds barrel of gasoline and one-third barrel of ultra-low sulfur diesel. The company's Big Spring refinery is capable of processing substantial volumes of both sour crude oil or sweet crude oil.

Krotz Springs Refinery

The company's Krotz Springs refinery has a nameplate crude throughput capacity of 74,000 bpd, and is located on 381 acres of land that the company owns on the Atchafalaya River in central Louisiana. The main plant and associated tank farms adjacent to the refinery sit on approximately 250 acres. This location provides access to crude from barge, pipeline, railcar and truck. This combination of logistics assets provides the company with diversified access to locally-sourced, domestic and foreign crude.

The Krotz Springs refinery is designed mainly to process light sweet crude oil. The company is capable of receiving WTI Midland, LLS, HLS and foreign crude from the EMPCo Northline System (the 'Northline System') and the Crimson Pipeline. The Northline System delivers LLS, HLS and foreign crude oil from the St. James, Louisiana, crude oil terminalling complex. The Crimson Pipeline connects the Krotz Springs refinery to the Baton Rouge, Louisiana area. Additionally, the Krotz Springs refinery has the ability to receive crude oil sourced from West Texas. WTI crude oil is transported through the Energy Transfer Amdel pipeline to the Nederland terminal located near the Gulf Coast and from there is transported to the Krotz Springs refinery by barge via the Intracoastal Canal and the Atchafalaya River. The Krotz Springs refinery also receives approximately 20% of its crude by barge and truck from inland Louisiana and Mississippi and other locations.

Major processes at the Krotz Springs refinery include crude distillation, vacuum distillation, naphtha hydrotreating, naphtha isomerization and reforming, and gas oil/residual catalytic cracking to minimize low quality black oil production and to produce higher light product yields. Additionally, in April 2019, the Krotz Springs refinery completed construction of an alkylation unit with approximately 6,000-bpd capacity that is designed to combine isobutane and butylene into alkylate and enable multiple grades of gasoline to be produced, including premium octane gasoline.

The Krotz Springs refinery produces CBOB 84 grade gasoline, as well as HSD, light cycle oil, jet fuel, petrochemical feedstocks, LPG, slurry oil and alkylate. The Krotz Springs refinery produces low-sulfur gasoline, pursuant to the EPA clean fuels standards.

The Krotz Springs refinery markets transportation fuel substantially through pipeline and barge bulk sales, exchange channels and wholesale rack sales. These bulk sales, exchange arrangements and wholesale rack sales are entered into with various oil companies and trading companies and are transported to markets on the Mississippi River and the Atchafalaya River, as well as to terminals along the Colonial Pipeline system in the southeastern United States.

For the company's Krotz Springs refinery, the company compares its per barrel refined product margin to the Gulf Coast 2-1-1 high sulfur diesel crack spread, which is the approximate refined product margin calculated assuming that one barrel of LLS crude oil is converted into one-half barrel of Gulf Coast conventional gasoline and one-half barrel of Gulf Coast HSD. The Krotz Springs refinery has the capability to process substantial volumes of sweet crude oil to produce a high percentage of refined light products.

Logistics segment

The company's Logistics segment consists of Delek Logistics, a publicly-traded master limited partnership, and its subsidiaries. As of December 31, 2023, the company owned a 78.7% limited partner interest in Delek Logistics.

The company's Logistics segment generates revenue by charging fees for gathering, transporting, offloading and storing crude oil and natural gas; for storing intermediate products and feedstocks; for marketing, distributing, transporting and storing refined products; and disposing and recycling water. A majority of Logistics' existing assets are both integral to and dependent on the successful operation of Refining's assets, as the company's Logistics segment gathers, transports and stores crude oil, and markets, distributes, transports and stores refined products in select regions of the southeastern United States and East Texas primarily in the support of the Tyler and El Dorado refineries, and in Central and West Texas and New Mexico, primarily in the support of the Big Spring refinery. In addition, the Logistics segment provides crude oil, intermediate and refined products transportation services for, terminalling and marketing services to, and disposing and recycling water to, third parties primarily in Texas, the Delaware Basin in New Mexico, Tennessee and Arkansas.

Logistics Segment - Wholesale Marketing and Terminalling

The Logistics segment's wholesale marketing and terminalling business provides wholesale marketing and terminalling services to the refining segment and to independent third parties from whom it receives fees for marketing, transporting, storing and terminalling refined products and to whom it wholesale markets refined products. It generates revenue by (i) providing marketing services for the refined products output of the Tyler and Big Spring refineries, (ii) engaging in wholesale activity in West Texas at owned terminals in Abilene and San Angelo, Texas, as well as at terminals owned by third parties, whereby it purchases light products for sale and exchange to third parties and (iii) providing terminalling services to independent third parties and the refining segment. Three terminals, located in El Dorado, Arkansas, Memphis, Tennessee and North Little Rock, Arkansas, throughput refined product produced at the El Dorado refinery. Three terminals, located in Tyler, Big Sandy and Mount Pleasant Texas, throughput refined product produced at the Tyler refinery.

Logistics Segment - Gathering and Processing

The Logistics segment's gathering and processing business owns or leases capacity on approximately 398 miles of operable crude oil transportation pipelines, approximately 406 miles of refined product pipelines, an approximately 1,400-mile crude oil gathering system and associated crude oil storage tanks with an aggregate of approximately 10.0 million barrels of active shell capacity. In addition, these assets include 88 million cubic feet ('MMcf') per day ('MMcf/d') of cryogenic natural gas processing capacity and 200 MBbl/d of water disposal capacity in the Delaware basin. These assets are primarily divided into the following operating systems:

The El Dorado Pipeline System, which transports crude oil to and refined products from the El Dorado refinery;

The SALA Gathering System, which gathers and transports crude oil production in southern Arkansas and northern Louisiana, primarily for the El Dorado refinery;

The Paline Pipeline System, which primarily transports crude oil from Longview, Texas to third-party facilities in Nederland, Texas ('the Paline Pipeline System');

The East Texas Crude Logistics System, which transports a portion of the crude oil delivered to the Tyler refinery (the 'East Texas Crude Logistics System');

The Tyler-Big Sandy Product Pipeline, which is a pipeline between the Tyler refinery and the Big Sandy Terminal;

The Memphis Pipeline;

The Big Spring Pipeline;

Midland Gathering Assets, which is a crude oil gathering system located in Howard, Borden and Martin counties, Texas (the 'Midland Gathering Assets', previously referred to as the Permian Gathering Assets); and

Delaware Gathering Assets, which includes a crude oil gathering system located in Lea County New Mexico, 120 miles of gas gathering pipelines with 150 MMcf/d of pipeline capacity, and 170 miles of water gathering pipelines with 220 MBbl/d of pipeline capacity.

Logistics Segment - Storage and Transportation

The Logistics segment's storage and transportation business includes trucks and ancillary assets that provide crude oil, intermediate and refined products transportation and storage services primarily in the support of the Tyler, El Dorado and Big Spring refineries, as well as to third parties. In providing these services, the company typically does not take ownership of the products or crude oil that the company transports or stores; and therefore, the results of the company's Transportation segment are not directly exposed to changes in commodity prices. These assets are primarily divided into the following operating systems: the Tyler Tanks; the El Dorado Tanks; the North Little Rock Tanks; the El Dorado Rail Offloading Racks; the Greenville Storage Facility; Tyler Crude Tank; Big Spring Truck Unloading Station; and Big Spring Tanks.

In addition to these operating systems, the Transportation segment owns or leases approximately 199 tractors and 353 trailers used to haul primarily crude oil and other products for related and third parties.

Logistics Segment - Joint Ventures

The Logistics segment owns a portion of three joint ventures (accounted for as equity method investments) that have logistics assets, which serve third parties and the refining segment. These joint ventures are strategic investments in pipelines/pipeline systems which service various areas, including the Permian Basin.

Logistics Segment Supply Agreement

As of January 1, 2018, Delek Logistics purchased products from Delek and third parties at the company's Abilene and San Angelo terminals. To facilitate these purchases, Delek Logistics constructed a pipeline into the company's Abilene Terminal to receive product from the pipeline owned by Holly Energy Partners, L.P. (NYSE: HEP) through which Delek shipped product that was produced at the Big Spring refinery. Delek Logistics completed the construction of a connection to the Magellan Midstream Partners, L.P. ('Magellan') pipeline that allows Magellan to supply the company's Abilene and San Angelo terminals with product transported from the Gulf Coast. Delek Logistics also has active connections to the Magellan Orion Pipeline that enable the company to ship product to its terminals and to acquire product from other shippers.

Logistics Segment Operating Agreements With Delek

Delek Logistics has a number of long-term, fee-based commercial agreements with Delek and its subsidiaries that, among other things, establish fees for certain administrative and operational services provided by Delek and its subsidiaries to Delek Logistics, provide certain indemnification obligations and establish terms for fee-based commercial agreements for Delek Logistics to provide certain pipeline transportation, terminal throughput, finished product marketing and storage services to Delek. Most of these agreements have an initial term ranging from five to ten years, which may be extended for various renewal terms at the option of Delek. In the case of the marketing agreement with Delek, the initial term has been extended through 2026. Each of these agreements requires Delek or a Delek subsidiary to pay for certain minimum volume commitments ('MVCs') or certain minimum storage capacities. Delek Logistics also entered into an agreement to manage the construction of the 250-mile gathering system in the Permian Basin connecting to the company's Big Spring, Texas terminal and to operate the gathering system as it is completed. The majority of the gathering system has been constructed, however, additional costs pertaining to a pipeline connection continue to be incurred and are still subject to the terms of the agreement. That agreement extends through December 2024.

Logistics Segment Customers

In addition to certain of the company's subsidiaries, the company's Logistics segment has various types of customers, including major oil companies, independent refiners and marketers, jobbers, distributors, utility and transportation companies, and independent retail fuel operators.

Logistics Segment Seasonality

The volume and throughput of crude oil and refined products transported through the company's pipelines and sold through its terminals and to third parties is directly affected by the level of supply and demand for all of such products in the markets served directly or indirectly by the company's assets. Supply and demand for such products fluctuates during the calendar year (year ended December 2023). Demand for gasoline, for example, is generally higher during the summer months than during the winter months due to seasonal increases in motor vehicle traffic. Varying vapor pressure requirements between the summer and winter months also tighten summer gasoline supply. In addition, the company's Refining segment often performs planned maintenance during the winter, when demand for their products is lower.

Retail Segment

Delek's Retail segment includes the operations of owned and leased convenience store sites.

The company has established a strong market presence in the major retail markets in which the company operate. The company's retail strategy employs localized marketing tactics that account for the unique demographic characteristics of each region that the company serves. The company introduces customized product offerings and promotional strategies to address the unique tastes and preferences of the company's customers on a market-by-market basis. In some locations, the company has implemented the option of a cashless check-out system. Furthermore, the company is actively implementing strategic initiatives to optimize the company's performance across its retail stores and reduce the company's reliance on external brand recognition, while developing and optimizing the use of the company's own brands and evaluating retail opportunities in current and emerging geographic and strategic markets. As a result of these efforts, in November 2018, the company terminated a license agreement with 7-Eleven, Inc. and removed all 7-Eleven branding on a store-by-store basis by December 31, 2023.

Fuel Operations

For the year ended December 31, 2023, fuel revenues were 64.2% of total net sales for the company's Retail segment. Substantially all of the motor fuel sold through the company's Retail segment is supplied by the company's Big Spring refinery.

Merchandise Operations

For the year ended December 31, 2023, the company's merchandise revenues were 35.8% of total net sales for the company's Retail segment.

Retail Segment Seasonality

The operating results of the company's Retail segment are generally lower for the first quarter of the calendar year. Weather conditions in the company's operating area also have a significant effect on the company's operating results. Customers are more likely to purchase higher profit margin items at the company's retail fuel and convenience stores, such as fast foods, fountain drinks and other beverages, as well as additional gasoline, during the spring and summer months.

Retail Segment Competition

The company's major retail competitors include Chevron, Murphy USA, Sunoco LP (Stripes brand), Alimentation Couche-Tard Inc. (Circle K brand and CST brand), and Marathon Petroleum.

Joint Ventures

Corporate and other includes two joint ventures (accounted for as equity method investments) that have asphalt and logistics assets, which serve third parties and the Refining segment. These assets include the following:

WWP (15% ownership interest): WWP Joint Venture (which was subsequently converted to an indirect interest via the formation of and contribution to the WWP Project Financing Joint Venture; crude oil pipeline system from Wink, Texas to Webster, Texas along with certain pipelines from Webster, Texas to other destinations in the Texas Gulf Coast.

Asphalt Terminal (50% ownership interest): Joint venture that owns asphalt terminals located in the southwestern region of the U.S.

Governmental Regulation and Environmental Matters

The rates and terms and conditions of service on certain of the company's pipelines are subject to regulation by FERC, under the Interstate Commerce Act (the 'ICA') and by the state regulatory commissions in the states in which the company transports crude oil, intermediate and refined products.

The rates and terms and conditions of service on certain of the company's pipelines are subject to regulation by FERC, under the Interstate Commerce Act (the 'ICA') and by the state regulatory commissions in the states in which the company transports crude oil, intermediate and refined products. Certain of the company's pipeline systems are subject to such regulation and have filed tariffs with the appropriate authorities. The company also complies with the reporting requirements for these pipelines. Some of the company's other pipeline systems have received a waiver from application of the FERC's tariff requirements, but comply with other applicable regulatory requirements.

The company is subject to extensive federal, state and local environmental and safety laws and regulations enforced by various agencies, including, but not limited to, the EPA, the U.S. Department of Transportation (the 'DOT') and OSHA, as well as numerous state, regional and local environmental, safety and pipeline agencies.

The company's operations are subject to certain requirements of the Federal Clean Air Act ('CAA'), as well as related state and local laws and regulations governing air emission.

The company's operations are also subject to the Federal Clean Water Act ('CWA'), the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 ('OPA-90') and comparable state and local requirements.

EPA rules require the company to report GHG emissions from its refinery operations and use of fuel products produced at the company's refineries on an annual basis.

The Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration ('PHMSA') of the DOT regulates the design, construction, testing, operation, maintenance, reporting and emergency response of crude oil, petroleum product and other hazardous liquids pipelines and other facilities, including certain tank facilities used in the transportation of such liquids. These requirements are complex and subject to change. The company's operations are in substantial compliance with these regulations.

Additional potential new regulations of pipelines have been proposed by PHMSA and the company is monitoring these developments to the extent applicable to the company's operations. The DOT has issued guidelines with respect to securing regulated facilities such as the company's bulk terminals against terrorist attack.

The Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration ('FMCSA') of the DOT regulates safety standards and monitors drivers and equipment of commercial motor carrier fleets. Such standards include vehicle and maintenance inspection requirements, limitations on the number of hours drivers may operate vehicles and financial responsibility requirements. The operations of the company's fleet of crude oil and finished products truck transports are substantially in compliance with these regulations and safety requirements.

History

Delek US Holdings, Inc. was founded in 2001. The company was incorporated in 2016.