Orange S.A.
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About Orange

Orange S.A. (Orange) engages in the telecommunications business worldwide. Orange share price history

The company has mobile customers and fixed broadband customers. The company is present in 26 countries. Orange is also a leading provider of global IT and telecommunication services to multinational companies, under the brand Orange Business. Orange is France’s incumbent telecommunications operator.

Strategy

Launched in February 2023, the strategic plan Lead the future intends to generate value from the company’s recognized excellence in its core business and to grow sustainably in Europe, Africa and the Middle East. Orange also intends to re-position its Enterprise activities in next generation connectivity solutions and accelerate in cybersecurity.

Lead the future is built on four pillars: capitalizing on Orange’s core business to reinforce excellence and quality of service (standing out for the quality of networks and service, using data and artificial intelligence (AI) to offer customers a customized experience, and capitalizing on roll-out progress and leadership in networks); capitalizing on infrastructure in all the countries where the company is active (continuing the extension of very high-speed fixed and mobile broadband and increasing the value of Totem, and rolling out network integration factories); transforming Orange Business Services, rebranded as Orange Business, to accelerate growth in the Enterprise segment and strengthen Orange’s position in cybersecurity (positioning Orange Business as the leader for next generation connectivity solutions and continuing the growth of Orange Cyberdefense to open up to new markets (B2C/micro-businesses)); and continuing to grow in Africa and the Middle East (maintaining growth in the Africa and the Middle East region, accelerating the transformation of Orange Money, and strengthening the company’s foothold, in particular through its ‘Orange Digital Centers’).

In 2021 Orange announced the creation of Totem, the company’s European TowerCo which owns and manages the passive infrastructure portfolio of mobile telecommunication towers in France and Spain. The company started operations at the end of 2021. Orange share price history

In May 2022, Totem signed a contract with Société du Grand Paris to equip the future 15 Sud subway line of the Grand Paris Express by 2025. Totem will provide 5G mobile coverage through the roll-out of indoor DAS (Distributed Antenna System), a mobile network consisted of close to 1,000 active devices. Totem will carry all the investments necessary for the roll-out of this infrastructure and will then market access to the entire network rolled out to mobile telephony operators until 2035.

In November 2022, Totem also announced the signing of a commercial agreement with Iliad giving it access to the portfolio of Totem sites (masts and flat rooftops) in France. With this agreement, the two stakeholders are entering into a long-term partnership.

Telecommunication Networks

Fixed-access Networks

Orange continued to roll out its fiber optic network at a steady pace in fiscal year 2022. Accordingly, the company connected 8.4 million additional homes to FTTH year on year and had 64.9 million households connectable to FTTH worldwide as of December 31, 2022, including 33.5 million in France, 16.4 million in Spain, 11.8 million in Other European countries, and 3.2 million in Africa and the Middle East. The total number of households connectable to all very high-speed broadband networks (FTTH and cabled networks) was 66.7 million as of December 31, 2022.

In January 2023, Orange Belgium and Telenet announced that they had signed two commercial agreements for the wholesale of fixed services, providing access to their respective hybrid fiber-coaxial and fiber-to-the-home networks. The entry into force of these agreements is subject to the completion of the acquisition of 75% minus one share of VOO by Orange Belgium, which requires the approval of the European Commission, among other things. The agreements will provide access to the other party’s fixed networks for a period of 15 years and cover both current hybrid fiber-coaxial technologies and future fiber-to-the-home technologies in both network areas. Orange Belgium believes that these agreements will promote investment and competition in the Belgian telecommunication market.

In October 2022, Orange Wholesale France (OWF), the Orange entity dedicated to the telecom operator market in France, launched ‘FTTH Access,’ an offer allowing Operator customers to provide electronic communication services to their end customers, without rolling out local infrastructure. FTTH Access is an access offer to an activated fiber optic network built on the local FTTH loops (or fiber bitstream) rolled out by Orange and other infrastructure operators. The FTTH Access offer thus marks a new stage in the expansion of fiber by allowing operators to support their Enterprise customers in switching to fiber while the decommissioning of copper is underway in France.

Mobile-access Networks

In 2022, Orange recognized more than one billion euros in capital expenditure for telecommunication licenses (primarily 5G and 4G licenses).

During 2022, the company continued to roll out its 5G network internationally. In February 2022, Orange Belgium announced the gradual opening of its 5G network in Belgium, and in November 2022, Orange launched its commercial 5G network in Botswana, the company’s first country in Africa to roll out this technology. At the end of 2022, Orange saw 8 countries commercially open 5G: France, Spain, Poland, Belgium, Luxembourg, Romania, Slovakia and Botswana.

In addition, Orange announced in February 2022 that it had selected its industrial partners for its 5G Stand Alone (5G SA) networks in Europe. The roll-out of 5G SA solutions is an important step that will enable the future development of value-added, on-demand and customized services for Orange customers, in particular businesses, in all sectors of the economy. The company notably choses Ericsson for its 5G SA core networks in Spain, Poland, Belgium and Luxembourg; Nokia for its 5G SA core networks in France and Slovakia, as well as for its Subscriber Data Management in all countries; and Oracle Communications for 5G core network signaling and routing in all countries.

In October 2022, the results of the Arcep annual survey on the quality of the mobile services of French telecom operators confirmed for the twelfth consecutive year that Orange has the best mobile network in mainland France (i.e., excluding French Overseas Territories). Orange remains a leader in terms of mobile services quality, including voice, text and data (4G and 5G), and ranked first or tied for first in 476 of the 505 criteria measured. These results are a testament to the expertise and ongoing commitment of the teams to more efficient and more responsible networks.

In March 2022, Orange announced the phasing out of its 2G and 3G mobile networks by 2030 in all countries where the company is present in the European Union. The phasing out of 2G and 3G technologies will allow Orange to optimize the management of its networks and move them toward more secure and more energy-efficient technologies, such as 4G or 5G. Radio frequencies used for 2G or 3G will be used to improve the coverage capacity of 4G and 5G networks in both urban and rural areas.

Connectivity and Transmission Networks

In February 2022, Orange announced its participation in the SEA-ME-WE6 (Southeast Asia-Middle East-Western Europe 6) consortium for the construction of a new so-called ‘express’ submarine cable which will connect France to Singapore with low latency and very high-speed broadband. Orange will be responsible for the landing on French territory and will host the cable in its secure infrastructure in Marseille.

In December 2022, Orange and Medusa Submarine Cable System, a neutral and independent operator of submarine infrastructure in the Mediterranean, announced that they were joining forces to offer an open and high-performance interconnection solution to all Medusa cable partner operators. At 8,760 kilometers, Medusa will be the longest submarine cable system in the Mediterranean Sea and will connect nine countries in North Africa and Southern Europe by 2024 and 2025. Orange is thus investing in new infrastructure for hosting submarine cables in Marseille and will offer users of the Medusa submarine cable easy and secure access to all Data centers in the city of Marseille, which it will interconnect through the installation of new, fully redundant infrastructure.

Launch of the New Livebox 6

In April 2022, Orange France launched its new Livebox 6, which offers optimized performance with Wi-Fi 6E and tri-band connection and responds to the increased usage in homes since 2020. Livebox 6 is the first box launched commercially on the French market compatible with the new Wi-Fi 6E standard. It uses a new 6 GHz frequency band and allows a fiber speed of up to 2 Gbit/s downlink (and 800 Mb/s uplink). Equipped with a 100% recycled and recyclable plastic shell, its design is guided by the company’s environmental strategy. In addition, activating the Livebox 6’s hibernation mode reduces energy consumption by up to 85%.

Digital Transformation of the Business Customer

In April 2022. Orange Business Services announced the complete migration of Siemens AG’s network to a Software-Defined Wide Area Network (SD-WAN) infrastructure of 1,168 sites across 94 countries in order to secure the use of its business apps via Internet access Thanks to the Flexible SD-WAN solution, Orange Business Services, along with its technology partner Cisco, thus carried out one of the largest SD-WAN roll-outs in the world during the public health crisis.

In October 2022, Orange Business Services was also selected to be the first operator connected to the French government’s ‘Radio Network of the Future.’ As part of the ‘Radio Network of the Future’ (RFF) call for tenders launched by the French Ministry of the Interior, Orange Business Services will provide access to the radio coverage of the very high-speed broadband communication network of the French government. The ‘Radio Network of the Future’ is the government’s response to modernizing the means of communication of security and emergency services: with the RFF, France will acquire a very high-speed broadband communication network (4G then 5G) common to all security, rescue and crisis management services, such as the police and gendarmerie, firefighters or SAMU (France’s emergency medical services).

Lastly, Orange Cyberdefense, a leader in cybersecurity services in Europe, and CS Group, a major player in the design, integration and operation of critical systems, announced in October 2022 that they had been awarded a four-year contract to ensure the security of information and communication systems for the Ministry of the Armed Forces in France. In the current geopolitical context where the protection of data and infrastructure is a major issue both for businesses and governments, the objective is to meet the challenges relating to the security of critical sovereign systems.

Acquisition of SCRT and Telsys by Orange Cyberdefense

In November 2022, Orange, through its subsidiary, Orange Cyberdefense, acquired 100% of the Swiss companies SCRT and Telsys, sister companies with around 100 employees that are experts in cybersecurity and related services.

After the acquisition of SecureLink and SecureData in 2019, Orange Cyberdefense continued its organic and inorganic strategy to become the European leader in cybersecurity, thanks to its presence in nine countries (France, Belgium, Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, the U.K., and now Switzerland) and the expertise in security of 2,700 employees serving more than 8,500 customers.

Acquisition of 100% of Exelus by Enovacom (an Orange Business Services Healthcare Subsidiary)

In May 2022, Orange, through its subsidiary Enovacom, signed an agreement to acquire 100% of Exelus, the owner of a unique mobile telemedicine solution that offers healthcare professionals state-of-the-art tools for scheduled telemedicine visits, specialty econsults, telecare, as well as for emergency telemedicine. This acquisition strengthens the strategy of Orange Business Services in the development of solutions for healthcare professionals. The acquisition was completed in early July 2022.

Planned Creation of a Joint Venture with Deutsche Telekom, Telefónica and Vodafone for the Implementation of a Digital Advertising Technology Platform in Europe

In February 2023, Orange, Deutsche Telekom, Telefónica and Vodafone announced plans to form a joint venture to develop a technology platform for digital advertising (ad tech) in Europe. The platform is specifically designed to bring a major improvement to the control, transparency and protection of the consumer personal data that is collected, distributed and stored on a large scale by some major non-European stakeholders. It is expected to benefit consumers, advertisers and publishers all at the same time. Its creation was authorized by the European Commission. The four companies will assume equal stakes of 25% each in this new joint venture, which will be based in Belgium and managed by independent management.

Agreement for the Creation of the Hexadone Joint Venture with Banque des Territoires

In November 2022, Orange and the Banque des Territoires announced the signing of an agreement to create Hexadone, in order to design and offer a digital platform for all communities wishing to control and enhance their regions’ data. With this project for a digital platform that is both simple and robust, sovereign and secure, open and interoperable, Hexadone’s ambition is to be the regions’ trusted partner for the sovereign use and enhancement of their data. The launch of the digital platform is scheduled for the first half of 2023.

Agreement for the Disposal of all OCS and Orange Studio Securities to the Canal+ Group

In January 2023, Orange and the Canal+ Group announced that they had signed a memorandum of understanding for the Canal+ Group’s acquisition of Orange’s entire stake in the OCS pay-TV package and in Orange Studio, the film and TV co-production subsidiary. Following the deal, the Canal+ Group will be the sole shareholder of both companies.

Operating Activities

Orange provides B2C and B2B customers and other telecommunication operators with a wide range of connectivity services, such as fixed and mobile telecommunications, data transmission and other value-added services, including Mobile Financial Services. The company is present as an operator in 26 countries. In addition to its role as a supplier of connectivity, the company provides enterprise services, primarily solutions in the fields of digital work, security and improving business line processes. As part of its global approach to development, it also offers access to some services (financial, energy, health, and education) aiming at covering the essential needs of populations by leveraging its connectivity offer.

France

Orange is France’s incumbent telecommunication operator. The bulk of its business is carried by Orange SA, which is also the parent company of the Orange group.

The France business segment includes all fixed and mobile communication services to individuals and companies with fewer than 50 employees in France, as well as wholesale services.

Orange’s Business Activities

Orange France’s core business involves the provision of fixed telephony, broadband and very high-speed broadband Internet and mobile telephony services for the B2C and Pro-SME markets. Its strategy is based on greater bandwidth in fixed (fiber) and mobile (4G and 5G) networks, promoting the take-up of new services and conquering new areas of growth, while continuing to transform its Customer Relations.

Mobile

In the B2C mobile market, Orange segments its offers into several ranges covering all customers, from those looking for just the essentials in terms of communications or Internet connectivity to those wanting the best smartphones and who have very intense connectivity uses in France and internationally. The Orange brand has seven offers for the mobile market, three of which are compatible with 5G technology.

Orange is present on all market segments, including on the entry-level market. In addition to the Orange brand, Orange France proposes under the Sosh brand several types of mobile subscriptions at attractive prices, only available online, with no commitment and no handset. At the end of December 2022, Sosh had 4.5 million mobile customers.

Since 2015, all the offers sold by Orange are at least 4G compatible, including entry-level market offers. Since 2020, some of these offers are also 5G compatible. Orange is continuing its family focused strategy with the development of multi-line plans through its flagship Open offer. Open mobile offers are available in the same ranges as conventional mobile offers and include the same levels of service.

Segmenting offers on the B2C and Pro-SME markets allows Orange to continue to grow its subscriber base while the decline in prepaid services continues. At the same time, the MVNO customer base hosted on the Orange network reached nearly 1.3 million customers at end-December 2022, down significantly from end-2021 due to the acquisition of two MVNOs by Bouygues Télécom and SFR.

Fixed Telephony and Internet

In the B2C broadband Internet market, Orange segments its offers into three main categories: Livebox, aimed at customers looking for Internet and TV essentials; Livebox Up, which meets the needs of those wanting the best speeds and a premium TV experience; and, lastly, Livebox Max, which adds in a premium WiFi service. Orange launched this offer in April 2022 with the Livebox 6, a new box compatible with the new WiFi 6E standard.

Sosh has also been present on the broadband Internet market since 2018, with affordable offers, available exclusively online and with no commitment.

The Orange and Sosh broadband Internet access offers are marketed using FTTH technology in eligible areas, or otherwise ADSL. Orange is the market leader in terms of the number of FTTH accesses sold, with a total of more than 7.2 million subscribers at end-2022 over a scope, including B2C, professionals, and small and medium-sized businesses.

With the steady growth in full unbundling, as well as wholesale subscriptions and naked ADSL access to third-party Internet service providers, the decline in revenues generated by the conventional telephony service business continues.

Orange also pursues advertising network activities through its websites, which have nearly 25 million unique visitors each month.

Wholesale

Orange Wholesale France (OWF) markets infrastructure, connectivity, fixed and mobile network solutions, and wholesale services in France. In turn, it purchases these services from third-party operators for Orange France and its end-customers. The company is the leader on this market in France. Its main rivals are other network operators, as well as infrastructure operators, such as Altitude and Axione.

The OWF business includes the interconnection of competitive operators, wholesale subscription and traffic services (ADSL and fiber) regulated by Arcep and the construction and marketing of very high-speed broadband fiber optic networks.

Lastly, since 2011, Orange has been providing Free Mobile with a nationwide roaming service on its 2G and 3G networks. That service was extended until the end of 2025.

Distribution

Since 2020 and the Covid-19 health crisis, the sales channel mix has been deeply disrupted.

Orange France is pressing ahead with its digital development strategy, with a fully digital customer experience in Orange online stores (available on Orange.fr) and Sosh (via Sosh.fr), with Sosh offers only available on the digital channel.

The Network

Orange’s commercial leadership is built partly on its leadership in fixed and mobile networks.

Orange continued to roll out its fiber optic network at a steady pace in 2022. In France, the company gave nearly 5 million additional premises access to Orange FTTH during the year (after nearly 6 million in 2021). At end-2022, just under 34 million premises were connectable to Orange fiber, a number that includes fiber rolled out to Orange’s own networks and third-party networks. According to the observatory report on subscriptions and the roll-out of high-speed and very high-speed broadband (Observatoire des abonnements et déploiements du haut et très haut débit) (Source: Arcep, third quarter 2022), more than 17 million (i.e. nearly 52%) of the total connectable premises in France owe their connectability to Orange as an infrastructure operator (roll-out carried out using its own funds). This data does not take into account the networks built and operated by Orange Concessions in Public Initiative Networks (PIN) regions (see below).

On January 31, 2022, Orange submitted a copper network switch-off plan to Arcep. Arcep published the plan for public consultation from February 7 to April 4, 2022, and then on July 29, 2022 published a Q&A document with the clarifications and adjustments Orange had made to the plan. The plan states that, during the first phase of the transition, which began in 2020 and will continue until the fiber network roll-out is completed in 2025, copper connection sales will be discontinued on a case by case basis insofar as the four telecom operators have rolled out fiber up to the base point. At the end of 2022, sales had been discontinued on nearly 20 million copper connections. This phase also includes switch-off experiments on a few hundred thousand premises. The first batch of switch-offs was thus launched on December 13, 2022, with the actual shut-off expected in January 2025. From 2026, Orange will no longer sell new ADSL subscriptions and the large-scale switch-off of the copper network will begin. By 2030, it will concern the entire network.

For the mobile network, the roll-out of 4G continued, with an unchanged coverage rate of 99% of the French population, still the best 4G rate in the country. At January 1, 2023, Orange had 30,756 authorized 4G sites in France [10] (source: Observatoire ANFr (French national spectrum agency observatory), January 1, 2023).

On the 5G side, at January 1, 2023, France had 37,968 5G sites authorized by ANFr, of which 16,121 sites were technically operational in the 3.5 GHz spectrum. Orange operates 5,473 of these sites (source: Observatoire ANFr, January 1, 2023). Since November 2016, the spectrum managers of the European Union Member States have recommended the use of the 3.5 GHz band as the primary band for the introduction of 5G.

Orange announced in March 2022 that it would gradually phase out its 2G and 3G mobile networks by 2030 in all European Union countries where the company operates.

Orange Concessions

In 2021, to continue to roll out fiber in rural areas and enhance its infrastructure, Orange consolidated the 24 Public Initiative Networks (PINs) governed by contracts with local authorities, in mainland France and in French Overseas Territories, into one entity, Orange Concessions. For this project, it joined forces with long-term, well-known investors in both infrastructure and local development. Orange Concessions is 50/50 owned by Orange and the HIN consortium comprising La Banque des Territoires (Caisse des DépÔts et Consignations), CNP Assurances and EDF Invest.

Orange Concessions has been operational since November 2021. Assisting local authorities in the digital planning of their territory, it oversees the design, construction and operation of fiber networks, relying on Orange as the leading industrial partner, and handles the marketing to all commercial operators (ISP) in order to offer fiber to their end-customers. Orange Concessions continues to roll out fiber in rural areas in France while sharing the investment effort with its shareholders.

At December 31, 2022, Orange Concessions had made 2.6 million households connectable to fiber and had nearly 1 million connected customers. By 2025, the joint venture is expected to be operating nearly 4.5 million FTTH accesses, which will make it the leading infrastructure operator in French rural areas.

Europe

Outside France, the company operates in seven countries in Europe, where it is implementing its convergence strategy based on the local context and drawing on the strengths of its subsidiaries:

In Spain, where the company is number two in the fixed and mobile markets, and where it signed an agreement with MásMóvil to combine their Spanish activities;

In Poland, where the company is the incumbent operator, leader in fixed-line and number two in mobile;

In Belgium and Luxembourg, where the company launched its convergence services via partnerships and announced the signature of an agreement with Nethys to acquire 75% minus one share in VOO SA;

In other Central European countries (Romania, Slovakia and Moldova), where the company, as the leader in the mobile segment, is a convergent player through the roll-out of fiber optic, the use of 4G for the development of fixed telephony via LTE, and its partnerships or acquisitions, in particular that of Telekom Romania Communications.

Spain

The company has been present in Spain since the deregulation of the telecommunication market in 1998. The acquisition of fixed telephony operator Jazztel in 2015 enabled Orange to consolidate its position in terms of convergence, thanks to Jazztel’s fiber coverage. In 2021, Orange Espagne consolidated its brand portfolio to focus on Orange, Jazztel and Simyo. In 2022, Orange and MásMóvil signed an agreement to combine their activities in Spain. This transaction is subject to the approval of the competition authorities. It is expected to close in the second half of 2023 at the latest.

The Market

Since the consolidation that began in 2014, four operators have dominated the telecom market: Telefónica, the incumbent operator, which acquired D+ in 2014 and operates under the Movistar brand; Orange; Vodafone, which acquired ONO in 2014; and MásMóvil Ibercom, initially an MVNO, which acquired Yoigo in 2016 and then signed a commercial agreement for access to Orange’s fixed and mobile networks, before acquiring Euskaltel in 2021.

In addition to competing in the B2B and B2C segments through their main brands, these four operators also compete via other brands in the low-cost market: Orange with Jazztel and Simyo; Telefónica with Tuenti and O2; Vodafone with Lowi; and MásMóvil with Pepephone and Euskaltel.

Orange’s Activities in Spain

In 2022, Orange Espagne continued to implement its ‘Back to Growth’ plan, to deal with the difficult context of the Spanish market. This plan is structured around three key areas: focusing on the core activities and their implementation; making the entire business customer-oriented and focusing on ‘frontline’ relations; and lastly, simplifying Orange offers and processes.

By improving the customer experience and repositioning its offers, Orange Espagne was able to increase its fixed and mobile customer retention.

On the B2B market, and in particular in the SME segment, Orange Espagne revised its portfolio of offers. It added a number of digital services adapted to the needs of SMEs and also offers additional services, such as cybersecurity and sports content. Orange also improved its Orange Digital Empresas offer, a range of digital services to help businesses successfully complete their digital transformation, with solutions for all categories eligible for the ‘Digital Kit’ program launched by the Spanish government.

The Network

In 2022, Orange continued to roll out its fiber optic network by connecting 0.8 million additional households to FTTH over one year. At the end of 2022, Orange was able to offer an FTTH connection to 16.8 million Spanish households.

Orange Espagne completed the optimization of the 5G spectrum it had acquired at various auctions, enabling it to increase speeds by 60%. The network can now reach up to 1.5 Gbps. Orange Espagne also continued to expand its 4G network, reaching coverage of 99% of the population at the end of 2022.

In November 2021, Orange launched the TowerCo, Totem, in France and in Spain. Its creation enables Orange to strengthen its position as a manager and operator of passive mobile infrastructures and benefit from new growth drivers.

Poland

The company has been present in Poland since 2000, when it acquired an interest in the incumbent operator, Telekomunikacja Polska (renamed Orange Polska). In 2006, Orange became the single brand for mobile activities and, in 2012, for all the fixed telephony services offered by the company in Poland. Orange owns 50.67% of the shares of Orange Polska, which is listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange.

Orange’s Activities in Poland

In 2022, Orange Polska continued to focus its efforts on its Love convergent offers. Love is a package that includes both fixed and mobile services in its basic formula at an affordable price. It can be extended for higher fixed broadband speed, additional SIM cards, enhanced TV content and other value-added services.

Orange Polska now has more Internet customers on fiber than on copper, which is an important symbol of its technological transformation. This good performance was driven by strong demand for fixed broadband, as well as the continued roll-out of the FTTH network, particularly in small and medium-sized towns and cities, where competition from cable operators is less intense.

Orange Polska’s business strategy has focused on creating value by adjusting the price of its main online services according to the ‘more for more’ principle. Orange Polska maintained this approach in 2022, taking high inflation into account as well, and thus increased rates for most of its B2C and B2B contracts and prepaid services.

In the B2B market, Orange Polska continued to strengthen its position as the preferred partner for the digital transformation of its customers.

The Network

Orange Polska continued to roll out its FTTH network in 2022, reaching 7.1 million connectable households at the end of the year.

In 2021, Orange Polska sold 50% of the capital of its Swiatlowód Inwestycje subsidiary (the Polish FiberCo) to the APG group. Orange and APG jointly control the Polish FiberCo, which is now recognized under associates and joint ventures in the company’s financial statements (see Note 3.2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements). The FiberCo expects to connect approximately 1.7 million Polish households to fiber, mainly in areas without fixed broadband infrastructure. As a result of the creation of its FiberCo, future growth in Orange Polska’s fiber coverage will be achieved mainly through access to the FiberCo’s network.

The 5G auctions, which have been expected for several years, were finally announced in December 2022. The regulator plans to make spectrum available in August 2023. This spectrum will enable the launch of comprehensive 5G services in Poland (see Section 1.7 Regulation of telecommunication activities).

While awaiting the auction process, all operators continued to market 5G on their existing spectrum through dynamic spectrum sharing (DSS) technology. In 2022, Orange Polska opened its new 5G Lab at its Warsaw headquarters. The 5G Lab is a place to develop and test solutions that use 5G, collaborate with startups, and present innovative solutions to businesses using the same 5G spectrum as the future Polish 5G network.

Belgium and Luxembourg

In Belgium and Luxembourg, Orange operates via Orange Belgium and its subsidiary, Orange Communications Luxembourg. The company holds 76.97% of the capital of Orange Belgium.

Belgium

Orange has two main competitors in the mobile telephony market: Proximus (the incumbent operator, 53.5% owned by the Belgian State) and Telenet (59.1% owned by the Liberty Global Group), which acquired Base in 2016. With a market share of 28.4% in the fourth quarter of 2021, Orange ranks second behind Proximus (Source: Orange estimates).

There were major developments on the fixed market: Proximus continued to roll out a fiber network throughout Belgium, on its own infrastructure and through two joint ventures (Fiberklaar with EQT Infrastructure, and Unifiber with Eurofiber). Meanwhile, Telenet signed an agreement with Fluvius to roll out a fiber network in Flanders.

In December 2021, Orange Belgium announced the signature of an agreement with Nethys to acquire almost 75% of VOO SA’s capital. On March 20, 2023, the European Commission approved the transaction. This acquisition will represent major progress in Orange Belgium’s national convergent strategy. In January 2023, Orange Belgium and Telenet signed two commercial wholesale agreements providing access to their respective fixed networks.

Orange’s Activities in Belgium

Throughout 2022, Orange continued its value and innovation strategy for its customers by introducing new offers on the market. In particular, the company launched 5G to all its contract customers; launched the next generation of TV set-top boxes, reinventing the TV experience with the inclusion of new features and apps; launched a new gaming plan with unlimited access to hundreds of games; and inaugurated the second Orange 5G Lab at La Grande Poste in Liège, giving businesses the opportunity to discover, test and develop innovative 5G use cases with 5G Stand Alone (5G SA) technology.

Orange Belgium continues to invest in its network infrastructure and thus successfully participated in the 5G auctions in Belgium in 2022. It acquired blocks of spectrum in the 700 MHz, 1400 MHz and 3.6 GHz bands.

In 2022, Orange Belgium strengthened its CSR commitment with the opening of an Orange Digital Center, which brings together initiatives for digital inclusion and innovation, and the launch of the ‘RE’ program, which aims to raise awareness among the general public of the environmental impact of mobile phones and improve smartphone recovery efforts.

Luxembourg

In the mobile segment, Orange Communications Luxembourg, with market share of approximately 14.9%, ranks third behind incumbent operator Post Luxembourg, the market leader, and Proximus Luxembourg, a subsidiary of Belgian operator Proximus, with its Tango brand. Post Luxembourg also has the largest market share in the fixed-line and Internet market.

In 2022, Orange continued to adapt its portfolio, in line with its position as a challenger, while taking advantage of the 5G launched in 2020. The company is focused on innovation, through the launch of its space in the Metaverse, which offers its customers a new immersive experience, as well as on CSR, with the launch of the ‘RE’ program.

Central Europe

Romania

A long-standing player in the mobile segment, Orange launched its satellite TV offers in 2013, then its fiber offer in 2016, following a wholesale agreement with Telekom. In 2021, Orange acquired 54% of fixed telephony operator Telekom Romania Communications (now Orange Romania Communications - OROC), in line with its convergent ambitions in Romania.

In the mobile telephony market, Orange’s market share was estimated at 39% at the end of the first half of 2022. Orange has maintained its leading position, followed by Vodafone, Telekom and Digi.

With the acquisition of OROC and the launch of its own fiber network, Orange has strengthened its position on the fixed market, which is nonetheless still dominated by Digi.

Orange’s Activities in Romania

In 2022, Orange reached new milestones after acquiring OROC: OROC successfully transitioned all its products and services to the Orange brand; Orange Romania and OROC jointly launched the first national convergent offer; and the customer experience was standardized with the creation of a single customer service number, a new store design, and access to the My Orange app for all customers in September.

On the network side, Orange continued to ramp up its 4G operations, with population coverage now reaching 98.52% nationwide and 99.71% in urban areas.

In 2022, Orange Romania was once again confirmed by Ookla and LCC as a leader in connectivity, and was named best mobile network in Romania in 2022 for voice and mobile data services, as well as the fastest fixed and mobile network in the country, including for 5G.

As the company’s first country to market 5G, Orange Romania continued to roll out its 5G network, available in 23 cities by the end of 2022, and continued to innovate by testing Romania’s first calls based on ultra-reliable low latency communications (uRLLC) technology, using the 5G Stand Alone network. Orange also continued to cooperate with national and international consortiums under the Horizon Europe research program to work on 5G and 6G innovation themes.

In 2022, as part of the 5G auction process, Orange Romania acquired 220 MHz in the 700 MHz, 1500 MHz and 3400 MHz-3800 MHz bands (see Section 1.7 Regulation of telecommunication activities) and became the Romanian operator with the most 5G spectrum. During the year, the company opened up access to 5G for customers of Yoxo, its all-digital brand.

As part of its CSR policy, in November 2022 Orange Romania announced the launch of a four-year program aimed at increasing the amount of green energy used in its network, by equipping 300 network sites and 4 Data centers with solar panels. Orange had already installed 216 solar panels by the end of 2022.

Slovakia

Orange Slovensko started operating in 1996 and adopted the Orange brand in 2002. A long-standing player in the mobile segment, Orange Slovensko strengthened its position in convergent offers thanks to its own fiber roll-out program and the launch of fixed solutions via LTE in 2017.

Slovakia’s fixed broadband market is dominated by the incumbent operator, Slovak Telekom (owned by the Deutsche Telekom group), which has infrastructure covering the entire country. Orange Slovensko ranks second, with a market share of 15%. Nevertheless, the roll-out of its proprietary fiber optic network and regulated access to Slovak Telekom’s fixed network allow Orange Slovensko to provide fixed broadband services to the largest number of potential customers.

Orange Slovensko has three main competitors in the mobile telephony market: O2 (owned by Czech group PPF), Slovak Telekom (owned by Deutsche Telekom) and Swan (national operator, operating under the 4ka brand). 4ka began offering mobile services in October 2015, but remains a marginal player. With a market share of 29%, Orange Slovensko remains the market leader. In 2022, O2 moved into second place on this market, followed closely by Slovak Telecom.

Orange’s Activities in Slovakia

In 2022, Orange Slovensko continued to implement its strategy, which consists of strengthening its position in the convergence market, backed up by its substantial market share in mobile telephony combined with growing market share in fixed telephony and TV.

Orange Slovensko markets a number of innovative offers, particularly its Love convergent services. In 2022, Orange Slovensko focused on its portfolio of offers, with the addition of security services for mobile and fixed, and enhanced its customer loyalty program. In the B2B segment, Orange Slovensko has implemented new complex service contracts around innovative virtual data center, cybersecurity, and IoT solutions.

Alongside the improvement in its portfolio of offers and the customer experience, Orange Slovensko has demonstrated its commitment to climate action through an ambitious program to roll out solar panels to its mobile antennas. At the end of 2022, 180 had already been equipped. Orange is the only Slovak operator to implement such a large-scale program. Every base station that is equipped with solar panels prevents the emission of several hundreds of kilos of CO2 per year.

In 2022, Orange Slovensko joined forces with the Slovak University of Technology and with the University of Zilina to develop 5G solutions for Slovak industry. This partnership aims to improve students’ access to 5G technologies and create a space to develop 5G solutions for Industry 4.0.

Orange Slovensko also continued to invest in its network infrastructure. The 5G network, launched in 2021 in Bratislava and Banska Bystrica, reached 25% of the population at the end of 2022. The Orange mobile network was recognized as the best in Slovakia for the third consecutive year by Systemics PAB. Orange also expanded its own FTTH network, reaching more than 570,000 connectable households at end-2022, and can provide fiber services to nearly 520,000 additional households through network partnerships.

Moldova

A long-standing player in the mobile segment, Orange Moldova launched its fixed and convergent telephony services in 2017, following the 2016 acquisition of SUN Communications, Moldova’s main cable operator.

Moldova’s main telecommunication operators are Orange Moldova, Moldcell (part of a Nepal-based conglomerate since 2020) and Moldtelecom. Moldtelecom is the incumbent operator; its infrastructure provides both fixed and mobile services. It is the leader in Internet and fixed telephony. In 2022, with a market share of 51.2%, Orange maintained its number one position in the mobile telephony market, followed by Moldcell and Moldtelecom (source: Anrceti Report, third quarter 2022).

Orange’s Activities in Moldova

In 2022, in line with its ambition to strengthen its position on fixed broadband, Orange Moldova pursued its full migration to fiber with the intention of reaching a 100% fiber network and migrating all cable customers to fiber by 2023. The rapid fiber roll-out will help to improve the customer experience and accelerate the development of convergence, as well as the decommissioning of the cable network.

Achieving a leadership position in the mobile segment remains a priority for Orange Moldova, which exceeded 1 million mobile contract customers in 2022. Amid high inflation and in order to promote revenue growth, Orange Moldova revised its portfolio of offers in several stages with a ‘more for more’ approach, and also strengthened the positioning of its multi-line Orange Family offer. In March 2022, Orange was the first Moldovan operator to launch a ‘Roam like Home’ offer, allowing its customers to use their minutes and data in Romania.

In the B2B segment, Orange Moldova is now ranked second on the fixed Internet market and is implementing a transformation program to grow on the ICT market and become the IT partner of choice for its B2B customers.

Orange Moldova also continued to invest in the country’s infrastructure. The company operates the most extensive and fastest 2G/3G/4G network, with 4G population coverage of 99%. For the tenth consecutive year, Orange Moldova’s network was rated ‘Best Moldovan mobile network in the test’ by Polish company Systemics PAB.

Africa and the Middle East

The company is present in 18 countries in Africa and the Middle East, including 16 where it has controlling interests and two (Tunisia and Mauritius) where it has minority interests. Part of the activities are structured into sub-groups (Sonatel and CÔte d’Ivoire). Orange operates in both the mobile and fixed markets.

Orange is pursuing a 4G roll-out strategy and is investing in all countries to upgrade and extend their access networks. The first 5G roll-outs took place in 2022 and will accelerate to cover almost the entire region by 2024.

Despite increasingly intense competition, the company also saw rapid development in Mobile Financial Services with its Orange Money offer. Given the arrival of a new competitor in four countries in the region (Senegal, CÔte d’Ivoire, Mali and Burkina Faso) in 2021, Orange changed the business model for its offer and accelerated its digitization. Within the company’s scope of consolidation, Orange Money had almost 76 million customers as of December 31, 2022, including more than 29 million active customers using the service each month.

In the fixed broadband market, Orange is speeding up the fiber roll-out, in particular.

Countries in the Africa and the Middle East business segment are generally tightening regulations covering service quality and environmental standards, while the tax burden is high.

Sonatel sub-group

The Sonatel sub-group operates under the Orange brand in five countries. With operations in Senegal, it began its international development in Mali in 2002. It also operates in Guinea, Guinea-Bissau (operations launched in 2007) and Sierra Leone, where it acquired Airtel Sierra Leone in 2016. In 2022, it generated 4.9% of the company’s consolidated revenues. The company owns 42.33% of the Sonatel sub-group and has control based on a shareholders’ agreement (see Note 20 to the Consolidated Financial Statements). Sonatel is listed on the West Africa Regional Stock Exchange (Bourse Régionale des Valeurs Mobilières - BRVM).

Depending on the country, the company has two or three competitors: Free (whose brand was launched in October 2019 to replace Tigo) and Expresso (Sudatel group) in Senegal; Sotelma/Malitel (Maroc Telecom group) and Alpha Telecom (Planor-Monaco Telecom International consortium) in Mali; MTN and Cellcom in Guinea; MTN in Guinea-Bissau; and (the incumbent operator), Africell and QCell in Sierra Leone.

The Sonatel sub-group continues to develop very high-speed fixed and mobile broadband based on 4G/4G+ (and tests for 5G), FDD/TDD and fiber, as well as mobile data. In 2022, data services achieved double-digit growth in all sub-group countries.

In 2022, the Orange Money service experienced a slowdown in business, but was able to weather the arrival of Wave in Mali and continued to see growth in its active customer base overall.

Despite growing competition, in particular on the Mobile Financial Services market in Senegal, in Mali and soon in Guinea, and despite often unfavorable regulatory decisions and the context of political instability in certain countries, the Sonatel group was able to maintain its financial equilibrium in 2022.

The Sonatel group is a key player in the economic development of all the countries where it operates through digital, financial and energy inclusion. It also helps support health care, education, local entrepreneurship and the development of a true digital ecosystem.

CÔte d’Ivoire sub-group

The CÔte d’Ivoire sub-group operates under the Orange brand in three countries. The activity covers CÔte d’Ivoire, where the company has operated since 1996, and Burkina Faso and Liberia, where it acquired Cellcom Liberia and Airtel Burkina Faso in 2016. This represents an area with a population of more than 56 million. In 2022, it generated 3.3% of the company’s revenues. The company owns 72.5% of the CÔte d’Ivoire sub-group.

Orange is the leader in CÔte d’Ivoire, Burkina Faso and Liberia. In CÔte d’Ivoire, it has a 43.8% market share (source: Artci, third quarter 2022). In Burkina Faso, Orange holds a market share of 44.8% of mobile subscribers (source: Arcep BF, third quarter 2022). In Liberia, Orange recaptured the leadership position from MTN, with a market share of 52.6% (source: GSMA, third quarter 2022).

The three entities face the following main competitors in their respective geographical areas: MTN and Moov Africa in CÔte d’Ivoire; Moov Africa and Telecel in Burkina Faso; and MTN in Liberia.

Orange is also the market leader in Mobile Financial Services in CÔte d’Ivoire and Burkina Faso. In light of the intense competitive pressure tied to Wave’s arrival in CÔte d’Ivoire and Burkina Faso, the response plan implemented by Orange Money helped accelerate growth in uses in 2022.

In 2022, the sub-group’s activity was affected by widespread inflation in the countries in the region, stiff competition and a challenging security situation in Burkina Faso.

FTTH development became one of the sub-group’s most powerful growth drivers. At end-2022, Orange had over 158,000 customers in CÔte d’Ivoire. In Burkina Faso, Orange launched the FTTH service in June 2021 and had over 7,900 customers at the end of 2022.

The CÔte d’Ivoire sub-group ensures that its strategy, investments and innovation create lasting value for all stakeholders. Digital equality and environmental footprint reduction are central to the CSR strategy of the sub-group, which has consistently strengthened its social impact through various initiatives based around entrepreneurship, financial inclusion and the environmental transition. For the second consecutive year, the sub-group published its Social Report, aimed at all stakeholders, in which it presented its achievements and ambitions.

In December 2022, the CÔte d’Ivoire sub-group reached a major milestone in its development strategy with its initial public offering on the BRVM through the sale of nearly 15 million shares owned by the Ivoirian government, equivalent to 9.95% of the capital.

Countries in North Africa and the Middle East

Egypt

The company entered the Egyptian telecommunication market in 1998 through a partnership in the operator, Mobinil, with Orascom and Motorola.

With a share of the mobile market of 26.7% (source: GSMA, fourth quarter 2022), Orange ranks second in the market, behind Vodafone but ahead of Etisalat and WE (Télécom Egypt).

Among the significant events that took place in 2022, Orange notably increased its spectrum, with the acquisition of 30 MHz of spectrum in the 2600 MHz band, and signed a national roaming agreement with Télécom Egypt. Orange also continued to expand its network across the country.

In 2022, Orange Egypte recorded double-digit revenue growth, exceeding its growth in 2021 despite an unstable economic environment significantly affected by high inflation and the sharp devaluation of the Egyptian pound in March 2022. The company continued to implement its transformation plan to increase its profitability.

Morocco

The company entered the Moroccan telecommunication market in 2010 through a partnership with Médi Telecom. The company, which was operating under the Méditel brand, became a consolidated subsidiary of the company in July 2015, after Orange increased its interest to 49% of the capital. Since the end of 2016, all services have been marketed under the Orange brand.

Orange Maroc also inaugurated its Orange Digital Center in March 2022.

Jordan

The company entered the Jordanian telecommunication market in 2000, through a partnership with the incumbent operator, Jordan Telecom. The company became a consolidated subsidiary of the company in 2006, after Orange increased its interest to 51% of the capital. Since the end of 2007, all services have been marketed under the Orange brand.

With a share of the mobile market of 28.6% (source: GSMA, fourth quarter 2022), Orange is the country’s second-largest mobile operator, behind Zain and ahead of Umniah.

Orange is also a leader in the fixed market through its ADSL Internet offers, together with FTTH, launched in 2016. Zain and Umniah are also growing competitors in this segment.

Orange also continued its large-scale roll-out of fiber optic to all of the country’s major towns and cities and launched Jood, the first digital offer on the market.

Tunisia

Orange Tunisie launched its activity in May 2010 after acquiring its license in July 2009. The company is a partner, with 49% of the capital.

Orange’s share of the mobile market is 25.7% (source: INT Tunisie at December 2022), placing it in third position behind Ooredoo, which maintains its leading position, and Tunisie Telecom.

In 2022, Orange Tunisie continued to strengthen its market position with growing customer bases and revenues.

Countries of Central and Southern Africa

Democratic Republic of the Congo

The company entered the Congolese telecommunication market in 2011 through the acquisition of Congo Chine Telecom. In 2016, Orange acquired the Congolese subsidiary of the Millicom group, which operated under the Tigo brand.

With a 29.8% market share in mobile voice traffic, Orange is once again the country’s second-largest mobile operator, behind Vodacom and ahead of Airtel and Africell.

In 2022, Orange RDC had good commercial momentum with growth in revenues driven by the significant development of its voice, mobile data and Orange Money businesses.

Orange was the first operator to launch 4G, and in 2022 continued to roll out mobile broadband network infrastructure to DRC’s main towns and cities.

Cameroon

The company has been present in Cameroon since the liberalization of the telecommunication sector in 1999. All services, initially launched under the Mobilis brand, have been marketed under the Orange brand since 2002.

With market share of 45.3% in 2022 (source: GSMA, fourth quarter 2022), Orange is the country’s second-largest mobile operator, behind MTN and ahead of Nexttel.

In 2022, Orange Cameroun once again achieved a very high level of business growth of around 10%, thanks to the very strong development of mobile data and the robust resilience of outgoing voice. The year was again marked by regulatory and tax-related issues investigated by the various Cameroonian authorities.

In 2022, Orange Cameroun received its payment institution license, enabling it to create Orange Money Cameroun and transfer the financial businesses to this new entity.

Botswana

The company has been present in Botswana since 1998, and since 2003 under the Orange brand. The company holds a 73.68% stake in the company.

Orange is Botswana’s second-largest mobile operator, behind Mascom and ahead of Be Mobile, with a market share in terms of volume of 39.9% (source: GSMA, third quarter 2022). In 2022, Orange took the lead over Mascom in market share in terms of value and significantly narrowed the leadership gap in market share in terms of volume.

Madagascar

The company has been present in Madagascar since 1998, and since 2003 under the Orange brand. The company holds an 87.94% stake in the company.

Orange is Madagascar’s second-largest mobile operator, behind Telma and ahead of Airtel and MVNO Blueline, with market share of 22.8% (source: GSMA, fourth quarter 2022).

In 2022, Orange Madagascar’s business was boosted by mobile data and by the ongoing expansion of TDD fixed services (with the Wifiber offer, which remains highly popular) and Orange Money’s activities in digital services and international transfers. The year was also marked by the ramped-up roll-out of mobile broadband network infrastructure to the country’s main towns and cities.

Central African Republic

The company entered the telecommunication market in the Central African Republic in 2007, as the fourth entrant.

In 2022, Orange Centrafrique confirmed its leadership position on the Central African Republic market, ahead of Telecel and Moov, with market share of 57% (source: GSMA, fourth quarter 2022).

After the fire in 2021 at the Bangui Data Center, which had caused all services to be suspended for more than a month, growth resumed at a very high level in 2022, at around 35%. Thanks to steady commercial momentum, Orange Centrafrique’s customer bases increased sharply in Voice, Data and Money services.

Mauritius

The company has been present in Mauritius since 2000, through a partnership with the incumbent operator, Mauritius Telecom, in which it holds 40% of the capital.

Mauritius Telecom is the leader in Internet and fixed telecommunication services in Mauritius, ahead of DCL, and in mobile services, ahead of Emtel and MTML, with market share of 49.6% at end-2022.

The operator offers a comprehensive range of fixed and mobile voice and data services. It also offers convergent services (voice, IP and TV) through its MyT service. The first operator to launch 4G and a mobile payment service in 2012, Mauritius Telecom launched its fiber optic network (FTTH) in 2013 and now covers almost all of the country’s households and businesses. Mauritius Telecom was also the first operator to launch 5G in 2021.

One of the main growth drivers for Mauritius Telecom is content, with, in particular, a strategy of investing in premium content, enabling the company to strengthen its position as market leader.

Mauritius Telekom also offers international connectivity via fiber optic submarine cables.

Enterprise

The Enterprise business segment includes telecommunication services and digital services to key accounts, local authorities and companies with over 50 employees in France, as well as multinationals around the world.

Operating under its new Orange Business brand, Orange is a world-leading provider of support for the digital transformation of businesses. As an infrastructure operator, technology integrator and value-added service provider, Orange Business provides a complete portfolio of offers designed to assist its customers in carrying out their digital transformation projects and implementing their communication projects (connectivity, Internet of Things, Cloud, artificial intelligence, app development). Orange Business provides them with a high level of expertise in terms of protecting, collecting, transporting, storing, processing, analyzing and sharing their data and creating value.

Orange Business leverages the demands of its status as an operator in terms of reliability and performance to accelerate its development in IT services through an ambitious acquisition policy in the fields of Cloud Computing and data. Orange acquired French healthcare company Exelus in 2022. The company intends to accelerate the provision of services in this field. With Lead the future, Orange Business is profoundly transforming its model to adapt to the new realities of a market where the boundaries between networks and digital services are disappearing.

In 2018, Orange merged its cybersecurity activities into Orange Cyberdefense to ensure a high level of internal cybersecurity and simultaneously develop Orange’s commercial activities in this strategic area. Orange Cyberdefense combines the legacy security expertise and infrastructure of Orange with those of Atheos and Lexsi, acquired respectively in 2014 and 2016, and of SecureData and SecureLink, both acquired in 2019. In 2022, Orange acquired Swiss companies SCRT and Telsys, which provide IT solution management and cybersecurity services. These acquisitions give Orange Cyberdefense a presence in nine European countries.

Orange Business Activities

Orange offers a wide range of products and services, including those that are packaged or tailor-made and using different methods such as integrated, managed or Cloud, designed to guide businesses in their digital transformation, and structured around their main challenges (connectivity, mobility, streamlining of processes, smoothness of exchanges with customers and support for their projects).

Orange has structured its portfolio of offers around four main types of products and services:

Fixed telephony (conventional and IP) and audio conference services;

Mobile telephony services;

Network services, including certain service guarantee levels (mobile and fixed connectivity, data transfer, hybrid networks, fixed and mobile convergent services);

IT and Integration Services, including Cloud solutions, digital & data solutions, cybersecurity solutions, intelligent mobility solutions, unified communication and collaboration services, and customer services and consulting;

Cloud solutions include virtualization and the development of ‘aaS’ (as a Service) solutions and business models that B2B customers are embracing. Orange Business has positioned itself as an integrator capable of orchestrating and building on the various application building blocks of its customers, including the most critical ones - end-to-end in a multi-cloud environment - for both the public or private Cloud. Beyond its own infrastructures (70 Data centers on five continents), Orange is developing a strategy of alliance with major industry players, such as Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud and Amazon Web Services. Nearly 3,500 customers rely on Orange Business’s 2,600 Cloud experts for its multi-cloud expertise;

Digital & Data solutions, including the Business & Decision subsidiary and its 4,000 digital experts in data intelligence and digital solutions, comprise the integration and provision of systems, business apps and application programming interfaces (API), as well as the design of digital solutions for customers in Big Data, data analytics and artificial intelligence. Through its Enovacom subsidiary, Orange also offers healthcare players tailored solutions to meet the challenges of digital transformation;

Cybersecurity solutions cover infrastructure and users, in managed and integrated or Cloud mode (safe work environments and infrastructure, cybersecurity, management and governance), supervised from a security operations center. Thanks to its2,700 experts and 32 detection centers, Orange Cyberdefense, which also has at its disposal multiple Orange Business locations around the world, leverages Orange’s 30 years of experience in making at-risk infrastructures secure, whether for SMEs, local authorities or multinational corporations around the world;

Smart mobility solutions, based not only on mobile technologies, but also on the IoT (Internet of Things);

Unified communication and collaboration services, including interoperability between telephony, messaging and video conference solutions, in triple or quadruple play; and

Lastly, advice and services to customers, including needs analysis, solution architecture, support from roll-out to implementation, user training and administration of services and solutions in a range of areas: transition to all-IP, adopting Machine to Machine and the Internet of Things, supervising and managing quality of service, switching to Cloud infrastructure solutions, and the digital transformation of companies.

These services are also used to develop cross-sector business solutions (finance, transport, energy, government and public sector, geolocation and fleet management, etc.).

As regards its core business as an operator, Orange relies on international partners to supplement its offer and geographical coverage in areas where its customers operate and where its presence does not provide a comprehensive solution. The company is strengthening this type of partnership on the most developed markets, preferably with leading operators in the geographic areas concerned, such as AT&T or NTT Communications.

Orange also works in close collaboration with an ecosystem of international technological partners, who are leaders in their respective fields of connectivity, unified communication, Cloud infrastructure, effective data use and cybersecurity. In 2020, two strategic partnerships were announced: the first with Google Cloud (around data services, artificial intelligence, the Cloud and edge computing) and the second with Amazon Web Services (around innovation in the Enterprise Cloud and digital transformation). Furthermore, with sovereignty becoming a major transformation topic for businesses, Orange Business is pursuing two complementary development vectors: the first through an independent company named Bleu, a joint venture with CapGemini and in partnership with Microsoft as technology provider; and the second through Gaia-X, a European initiative of which Orange is a founding member.

Lastly, Orange is developing partnerships with service players to enhance the operational performance of French manufacturers: for example, the partnership with Siemens in the Industry 4.0 segment in automation and digital transformation solutions, in order to allow French industrial groups to fully maximize the potential of digitization. In this perspective, the partnership proposes end-to-end support, ranging from consulting to integration and analysis.

In 2022, Orange signed major contracts to assist its customers worldwide, including: with Mondelez International, for the end-to-end management of its global communication platform consisting of 80,000 people across more than 80 countries, and in particular Voice coverage in markets such as China, India and the Middle East; and with the Ministry of the Interior as part of the ‘Radio Network of the Future’ call for tenders to equip all security, emergency responder and crisis management services (police officers, gendarmes, firefighters and paramedics) with a common very high-speed broadband communication network.

Totem

Totem, Orange’s European TowerCo, was created on November 1, 2021. Orange has transferred all the key assets of its passive mobile infrastructure to this subsidiary. The creation of this independently managed entity allows Orange to strengthen its position as a manager and operator of mobile infrastructure and to benefit from new growth drivers. Totem manages more than 27,000 masts, flat rooftops and other mobile sites in France and Spain, and aims to become a leading player on the European TowerCo market.

Totem offers infrastructure-sharing solutions to mobile operators, businesses and institutions; responds to requests to build new sites; and markets mobile coverage solutions to improve connectivity in dense and enclosed environments, such as stadiums, subways, trains, offices, etc.

Totem has chosen a strong brand name that embodies its vision: mobile infrastructure is the totem of the company’s digital civilization, offering connectivity solutions to everyone, everywhere, in both rural and urban areas.

The European mobile infrastructure market has quickly taken shape: 90% of European towers are currently managed by independent TowerCos, versus 45% in 2016 (source: analyst research, June 2022), driven mainly by specialized players that have been particularly active in acquiring existing tower portfolios. The market leaders are pure players Cellnex, with 103,000 sites, and ATC, with 30,000 sites. Some European incumbent operators recently opened up their capital to infrastructure funds. For example, in November 2022 Vodafone announced the sale of 50% of its Vantage Towers TowerCo (46,000 sites) to the KKR and Global Infrastructure Partners (GIP) investment funds, and Deutsche Funkturm/DT (41,000 sites) announced the sale of 51% of its capital to Brookfield and Digital Bridge in July 2022 (publicly available data from ATC, Cellnex, Vantage and GD Towers).

Totem is therefore positioned as a leading industrial TowerCo within the TowerCo ecosystem.

International Carriers and Shared Services

The operating activities of the International Carriers & Shared Services segment include:

International Carrier activities undertaken by the Wholesale International Networks Division (W&IN): roll-out of the international and long-haul network, sales of international telephony and services to international carriers, and installation and maintenance of submarine cable; and

The content activities of OCS and Orange Studio.

The segment also includes other cross-cutting activities of the company, in particular research and innovation, lease property restructuring, and support and shared activities, including corporate functions at the operational head office.

International Carrier Activities

The International Carrier activities include sales of international telephony and services to international carriers, the negotiation and conclusion of roaming agreements, the roll-out of the international and long-distance network and the installation and maintenance of submarine cables.

The wholesale operator market comprises three categories of players: global wholesalers, multinational retail operators (including Orange) and regional or specialist players.

The wholesale market’s customer base comprises voice market specialists (call shops, prepaid cards), fixed and mobile domestic retail carriers (including MVNOs), Internet service and content providers and OTT (Over-The-Top) players. International Carriers also sell wholesale traffic to each other.

Orange W&IN offers a broad range of solutions on the international market. Its business is structured on an extensive infrastructure of long-haul networks. Its presence in both the retail and wholesale markets means the company can develop solutions that are particularly well adapted to the needs of retail operators.

Roll-out of the International and Long-Distance Network

Orange W&IN designs, rolls out, oversees and protects long-distance international networks, whether terrestrial, submarine or satellite. The company defines and supplies this international infrastructure and is involved in building the networks and services from the design phase to their operation, as well as in fraud and cyberattack protection. It makes every effort to anticipate developments and adapt its networks to new technologies and emerging needs, using increasingly agile and flexible solutions.

These networks serve both retail and operator customers.

Changes in uses, technological changes and customers’ rising expectations for faster speeds and higher quality have put pressure on the company to accelerate the development of all of its networks.

Orange is notable for being heavily involved in the design, construction and operation of submarine cable. With its ownership or co-ownership of several cable systems, Orange ranks among the world’s largest owners of submarine links. This has enabled it to respond to the increase in transatlantic traffic.

The company’s wholesale activity is based on:

A seamless global network [12] and an IPX (1) protocol network supporting voice and data with points of presence throughout the world;

A global network of dedicated IP routes with end-users in more than 220 countries, connections to more than 200 Internet service providers, and connectivity in over 100 countries in a single IP network hop; and

99.99% network availability and centralized network supervision, 24/7.

Orange Marine

A wholly owned subsidiary of the company, Orange Marine has a fleet of six cable-laying ships, one vessel that researches new routes for submarine cable installation, and four marine bases.

Orange Wholesale International Networks’ Offers

Voice Services

Voice service solutions enable operators worldwide to transit their customers’ calls internationally to over 1,200 destinations with 24/7 technical support. Orange is the leader in this market.

Global Roaming Services

With mobile services solutions, Orange offers global roaming thanks to direct connections with over 200 mobile operators, as well as broad connectivity that enables it to offer messaging services.

Messaging Services

Orange is the trusted partner for mobile operators, brands and aggregators to safely deliver and charge for A2P (app to person) and P2P (person to person) text messages throughout the world.

Internet and Transmission Services

Orange’s data and IP network includes terrestrial, submarine and satellite systems which combine to create a vast global network. With its Internet network, Orange offers adjustable solutions to meet the needs of Internet service or content providers.

Convergence Services

Orange provides operators with a multi-service offer to enable them to manage their voice and mobile data services over a single connection.

Security and Anti-Fraud Services

To protect the value of its customers’ business, Orange W&IN offers solutions covering the protection of identity and privacy and the protection of networks, mobile traffic and voice traffic.

The portfolio of anti-fraud and security services relies on voice, Internet and mobile service solutions. These offers include audit, detection and protection functions, as well as the provision of analysis reports. The portfolio also contains offers that focus specifically on combating the dangers of cybercrime. Orange W&IN’s customers can resell some of these offers to their own customers.

Content Activities

On January 9, 2023, Orange and the Canal+ Group announced that they had signed a memorandum of understanding for the acquisition by the Canal+ Group of the entire OCS pay channels package and Orange Studio, the film and TV co-production subsidiary. The Canal+ Group, a 33.34% shareholder since 2012 and the leading distributor of OCS, will be the sole shareholder of both companies following the deal. Orange Studio has more than 200 co-productions to its credit, as well as a catalog of nearly 1,800 audiovisual works and films. The leading film and TV studio in Europe, StudioCanal has many assets to promote this catalog.

With this disposal, Orange exits the content creation and production business to focus on its role as a content aggregator and distributor. Its content strategy will continue to be based primarily on developing partnerships with rights holders and service publishers.

In Europe, Orange is aggregating the best entertainment services of large retailers and offering them to its customers through its broadband networks. Throughout 2022, Orange thus strengthened and updated its offers by incorporating many types of services, such as Prime Video (in Belgium and Romania), XboX All Access (in Belgium) and Nextory audio and e-books (across all the company’s companies).

In Africa & Middle East, content activities are at the heart of the multi-service strategy and help to cement Orange as a responsible local operator. In 2022, Orange thus entered into a framework agreement with New World TV for the exclusive rights to broadcast the 2022 World Cup in Sub-Saharan Africa. Moreover, the development of local content production and the roll-out of Pay TV are key pillars of the company’s strategy.

Mobile Financial Services

The Mobile Financial Services Division includes the activities of Orange Bank and Orange Bank Africa. Orange Money’s business continues to be driven by geographical segments, particularly in Africa & Middle East.

Mobile Financial Services Activities

Orange Bank

Launched in November 2017, Orange Bank, a wholly owned subsidiary of the company, provides cutting-edge banking services natively designed based on the mobile uses of customers, in strong synergy with Telecom activities.

The Orange Bank app offers innovative features, relying heavily on telecom uses. It enables customers to make contactless payments with bank cards or via mobile handsets using Apple Pay and Google Pay, immediately access their bank account balance, temporarily block and unblock their bank card, request and send money by text message, change their bank card code at any time, or add funds to their account by bank transfer or bank card. Customers can perform all their banking transactions on a mobile handset. Customer Relations are managed by a virtual advisor, available 24/7, with the option of using the customer relationship center in France.

To open a bank account, customers have access to a network of more than 300 Orange stores approved as IOBSPs [13]. A specific type of loan that allows customers to finance the purchase of products available in the store (mobile phones, accessories, etc.) is also offered across the Orange network.

After the acquisition of Orange Courtage in 2020, which enabled the bank to reach a new milestone in its cross-selling policy with Orange by becoming an insurance broker, and that of neobank Anytime, in January 2021, which specializes in business banking, Orange Bank launched Prêt Express (express loan) in 2022. The product of a partnership with Next 40 Younited’s fintech, the offer incorporates the latest generation of technology solutions with concrete benefits for customers: loans accessible to customers and non-customers of the bank, high approval rates, and faster and more streamlined processes. In addition, Orange Bank continues to offer car loans sold in the Groupama network alongside vehicle insurance.

On the international stage, Orange Bank was launched in Spain at the end of 2019. An all-mobile bank, it offers all its customers, whether or not they are Orange customers, a bank account, a Mastercard debit card and a savings account. Mobile payment is available on Apple Pay, Google Pay and Samsung Pay. Innovations include the company management function, which enables funds and expenses to be shared or transferred between several people, giving customers the option to manage joint subscriptions, such as water bills or Netflix accounts. Since the summer of 2020, Orange Bank Espagne has also been offering consumer credit and a financing solution for purchases of mobile phones in stores.

At December 31, 2022, Orange Bank had 2 million customers in France and Spain. This number includes customers who had opened an account with Orange Bank, as well as customers of credit and mobile insurance offers.

Orange Bank Africa

In partnership with NSIA, a leading bancassurance provider, Orange launched Orange Bank Africa’s business activities in July 2020 in CÔte d’Ivoire after obtaining a banking license from the Central Bank of West African States (BCEAO) in 2019. For populations still excluded from the conventional banking system, Orange Bank Africa has quickly become one of the most efficient ways of accessing credit and savings 24/7 from the Orange Money mobile account. Orange Bank Africa plans to expand into Senegal, and ultimately into Mali and Burkina Faso.

Orange Bank Africa offers a fully digital microcredit and savings solution, allowing users to borrow smaller amounts instantly, from 5,000 CFA francs (around 8 euros), with an easy-to-use and innovative service which uses a scoring tool designed to accelerate decision-making and a dedicated artificial intelligence algorithm. It is accessible to everyone, regardless of location, time and mobile phone generation. In 2022, this offer was supplemented by a direct bank offer that includes consumer loans, business loans and a prepaid card offer.

Orange Bank Africa had 1.1 million customers at the end of December 2022, with its pico-credit, micro-credit and savings offers via Orange Money and its direct bank offers (consumer loans, business loans, and prepaid cards). In 2022, 0.9 million loans were granted for a total amount of 93.3 billion CFA francs, thereby contributing to the economic and social development of CÔte d’Ivoire.

Orange Bank Africa enables the company to participate more fully in the economic activity of its host countries and is thus completely in keeping with the regional financial inclusion strategy promoted by the BCEAO.

Orange’s Networks

For the company, the networks are a strategic asset and, as such, are subject to constant supervision, maintenance and upgrades. Launched in 2023, Orange’s strategic plan, Lead the future, is based on four key pillars, including capitalizing on infrastructure in all the countries where the company is present.

At end-2022, the Orange group operated networks in 26 countries to serve its B2C customers and in nearly 200 countries or territories to serve its B2B customers. Orange intends to continue to roll out, innovate and invest in the best technologies to meet the challenges of reliability, security and resilience for its customers in all its locations.

The company’s investments in its networks, other than to maintain their quality (replacement of poles, cables and masts, and other equipment that has reached the end of its life) are designed to improve these networks in a number of respects:

The development of very high-speed fixed and mobile broadband (FTTH and 4G/5G), increased data transfer volumes and reduced connection latency. These investments concern all networks, from the mobile radio network and household Internet connectivity to submarine cable;

The migration of uses from old technologies (analog telephony, copper networks, 2G and 3G) to new technologies;

Gradual virtualization of network control functions (‘programmability’ and ‘softwarization’ of networks so that they can be adapted more quickly to new services and uses); and

Automation of network operation, which improves the quality of service for customers.

Access Networks

Fixed-access Networks

Analog Access and ADSL/vDSL Broadband Access

Copper accesses comprise a pair of copper wires that connect individual customers to a concentration point and give them access, via the distribution and transport network, to a local switch. It is used to deliver analog voice services and broadband access services.

Orange operates copper access networks in France and Poland, and in various countries in Africa & Middle East (CÔte d’Ivoire, Jordan and Senegal), to provide analog voice access services and data in the B2C, B2B and wholesale markets.

To supplement its coverage, Orange also uses the networks of third-party operators to provide these same services (Belgium, Slovakia, etc.).

Very High-Speed Broadband Fiber Optic Access

FTTH (Fiber To The Home) network access extends the available broadband ADSL/vDSL service offer to include upstream and downstream very high-speed broadband (up to 2 Gbit/s and more thanks to XGS-GPON [14] technology), with improved performance, particularly in terms of response time and energy efficiency.

Orange has been rolling out FTTH access for over ten years using GPON technology. This technology can pool several very high-speed broadband accesses on a single fiber without impairing the speed capacity of each access point.

In France, the roll-out of the FTTH network started in 2007. In 2011 and 2012, Orange signed sharing arrangements with other telecom operators to speed up the roll-out. In 2022, it continued at a steady pace, and Orange consolidated its leadership with a total of 33.5 million households connectable to Orange fiber optic at end-2022.

The roll-out of FTTH networks is also continuing in Europe, where at end-2022 Orange had more than 28.2 million connectable households total (excluding France), including 16.4 million in Spain and 7.1 million in Poland; and in Africa & Middle East, where at end-2022 the company had connected 3.2 million households to FTTH in Morocco, Jordan, CÔte d’Ivoire, Senegal, Mali, Burkina Faso and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Thanks to XGS-GPON technology, in 2022 Orange began to activate 10 Gbit/s services on its existing infrastructure, in particular on its network in Spain.

Orange shares its fixed-access network in its three main countries of France, Spain and Poland, and plans to share some future FTTH roll-outs with other operators via FiberCos, involving third parties. In 2021, Orange joined forces with long-term investors to create Orange Concession. France’s leading operator of FTTH networks rolled out and operated on behalf of local authorities, Orange Concessions operates 24 Public Initiative Networks (PINs) representing 2.6 million homes connectable to fiber and nearly one million customers connected at end-2022, and nearly 4.5 million FTTH connections by 2025. In Poland, Orange has created a 50%-owned FiberCo, whose objective is to roll out 1.7 million lines over the next five years to reach 2.4 million lines.

Radio and Satellite Fixed Access

In certain European and African countries, fixed services are provided through 4G/LTE and now 5G, in addition to copper and fiber optic networks.

In addition to copper, fiber and radio accesses, fixed residential accesses and satellite television services are marketed via space capacity rental.

Orange intends to strengthen its satellite offer in 2023 by launching, in partnership with Eutelsat and thanks to the new Konnect VHTS satellite, a commercial offer in mainland France, which will allow the most remotely located B2C and business customers to benefit from an enhanced Very High-Speed broadband experience for the price of a fiber optic offer.

Mobile-access Networks

The company operates a mobile network in each of the countries where it offers B2C telecommunication services. The network supports GSM, UMTS and LTE technologies in all countries; in Europe, it also supports 5G. Between 2025 and 2030, the company will gradually phase out its 2G and 3G networks in France and in all European Union countries where it operates. The phasing out of 2G and 3G will allow Orange to optimize the management of its networks and move them toward more secure, resilient, economical and energy-efficient technologies, such as 4G and 5G. Radio frequencies used for 2G and 3G will be re-used to improve the capacity and coverage of 4G and 5G networks in both urban and rural areas.

Orange’s 5G is now marketed in an NSA version (non-standalone, in other words based on a 5G spectrum but using a 4G core and an additional 4G anchor frequency band) in six countries in Europe (France, Luxembourg, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, and Spain). It is initially being rolled out in urban areas where 4G is in high demand, and in areas with high levels of economic activity, as a complement to the other networks. On the African continent, Botswana launched the 5G NSA commercially in 2022 and six other countries have launched 5G pilots. 5G roll-outs are planned in the 17 countries in Africa between 2023 and 2024.

5G SA (standalone, in other words, operating completely independently of 4G and having its own core network) makes it possible to improve latency but also to adapt the network and the quality of service according to the user needs by using network slicing technology: This technology consists of virtually dividing the network into several slices operating independently and thus offering different levels of mobile network performance according to customer needs (B2C, businesses, industrial campuses, etc.).

In 2022, 5G SA pilots were launched in Spain and Belgium. In 2023, the company plans to commercially launch 5G SA in France, Spain and Slovakia, as well as to carry out targeted roll-outs in Belgium with a number of customers.

To reduce its environmental impact and operating costs, Orange shares more than half of its radio sites with a competitor. Sharing can be either ‘passive’ (confined to masts/rooftops only), or ‘active’ (masts/rooftops and active equipment). Sharing of this nature, which previously concerned 2G/3G/4G technologies, now includes 5G. Passive sharing is in place in almost all of the company’s host countries. Active sharing, which is more efficient, has mainly been adopted in the following countries:

Poland, for nearly all of the mobile access network;

Spain, where the mobile-access network is shared outside major cities (with more than 175,000 inhabitants);

France, for 4G coverage of dead zones, including the 2,000 new sites of the New Deal program;

Belgium, where an active mobile-access network sharing agreement was signed in 2019. Work to consolidate the two networks started at the end of 2021 and will take place over several years; and

Romania, for sites in rural areas.

At the end of 2021, the company created a European TowerCo, Totem, which has a passive mobile infrastructure portfolio of more than 27,000 sites in France and Spain.

In 2022, the company continued its policy of activating energy saving features for mobile-access networks in all countries. These features consist of reducing equipment consumption when traffic is low. The company works with its suppliers to develop new features and supports its subsidiaries to accelerate their roll-out in their networks.

Orange also assesses the energy efficiency of its new equipment in order to choose the most efficient kinds to replace older, more energy-intensive equipment.

Lastly, Orange develops and uses artificial intelligence-based tools to optimize the configuration of radio sites and avoid their over-dimensioning, and therefore their over-consumption.

National Transmission and IP Transport and Control Networks

In each country where it has B2C customers, Orange operates a network that is layered as follows: transmission network; IP transport network; control network; and voice services network.

The transmission network primarily consists of fiber optic, but also radio relay systems, especially for alternative or purely mobile networks in the MEA region. These networks support voice and data traffic, for fixed and mobile B2C, B2B and wholesale services. Optical links offer bandwidth of up to 400 Gbit/s per wavelength, and Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) technology makes it possible to have up to 80 wavelengths per fiber. Orange is one of the world leaders in the use of advanced optical functions to obtain more flexible transport networks.

The IP network consists of routers connected to the transmission network. In France, an IP network dedicated to businesses is also in operation, in addition to the network managing data for B2C customers. The main purpose of this network is to connect businesses’ French sites for internal data exchange on a Virtual Private Network (VPN) and provide them with Internet connectivity. It also provides Voice over IP transport to businesses.

The control network (also known as the signaling network) manages calls and data connections, updates of location data for mobile phones, roaming and SMS. This network is being upgraded to new standards, for example to manage 5G.

In the countries in which it has fixed operations, Orange operates a switched telephone network (STN) to deliver analog voice and ISDN digital services. These networks are continually being optimized because of declining uses. In France, Orange stopped marketing its analog voice services at the end of 2018 and announced the first zones where voice services will only be available using IP technology from the end of 2023.

Orange has also rolled out fixed VoIP networks using IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem) technology in many countries for B2C and B2B uses.

Until 2015, all mobile voice traffic was managed in switched mode by the mobile network in each country. In 2015, Orange rolled out mobile IMS infrastructure in European countries to offer VoLTE (VoIP over LTE) and VoWiFi (mobile Voice over WiFi) services. At end-2021, VoLTE and VoWiFi had been rolled out in all of the company’s European networks and are being rolled out in some countries in the MEA region.

International Networks

Terrestrial network

The international terrestrial network comprises four main networks, connected via submarine cable:

The European network, whose roll-out began in April 2012 in France, and which has been extended to include services in Frankfurt, London, Barcelona and Madrid, as well as submarine cable stations;

The North American backbone, one of the most strategic routes for Europe, since 80% of the Internet traffic generated by Europe comes from the United States;

The Asian backbone in Singapore, served by the SEA-ME-WE3,SEA-ME-WE4 and SEA-ME-WEA 5 submarine cable; and

Djoliba, the first pan-African backbone, commissioned in November 2020. This infrastructure is based on a terrestrial fiber optic network coupled with submarine cable, thereby offering secure international connectivity from West Africa. The new backbone covers eight countries: Burkina Faso, CÔte d’Ivoire, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Mali, Nigeria and Senegal.

Satellites

Orange uses satellite communications to provide VSAT (Very Small Aperture Terminal) services to Orange Business’s terrestrial or maritime B2B customers, to connect isolated mobile sites in Africa and to provide IP or voice connections to other operators. To provide these services, Orange uses space capacity rented from satellite operators (Eutelsat, Intelsat, SES and Arabsat).

Submarine Cable

To address the strong growth in international telecommunication traffic and in a highly competitive market, Orange is maintaining its level of investment in submarine cable and is continuing to develop its network in order to meet the needs of its customers. Due to the high cost of the investments required to construct a cable, these investments are carried out with the various players involved (operators, private companies and GAFAM) and in various forms (consortiums, purchase of user rights, transmission capacity rental, etc.).

Orange is an investor in more than 40 submarine cables and consortiums covering various routes: North Atlantic, Caribbean, Europe-Asia and Europe-Africa.

The year 2022 was marked by the announcements in February of Orange’s participation in the SEA-ME-WE 6 consortium, and in December of its association with the operator Medusa Submarine Cable System.

In addition, during 2022, the 2Africa consortium, of which Orange is a member, continued the gradual roll-out of the cable, notably with several landings in Europe (Marseille, Genoa, Barcelona) and in Africa (Egypt, South Africa, and Djibouti). More than 45,000 kilometers long, its full commissioning is scheduled for 2024 and will connect 33 countries in Africa, Asia and Europe. The cable, rated up to 180 TBps in key parts of the system, will increase capacity and improve Internet reliability and performance across much of Africa, and supplement rapidly growing capacity demand in the Middle East.

Lastly, the roll-out of the new Amitié transatlantic cable, of which Orange is a partner, continued in 2022. Measuring 6,600 kilometers in length, this new generation cable (16 fiber pairs) will provide a connection between the state of Massachusetts in the United States, France and England. Its commissioning has been postponed to the summer of 2023.

International Service Control Networks

Orange operates an international control network to manage the signaling associated with the voice, roaming and text message traffic of its mobile networks and those of its operator customers. This network is evolving to handle new standards, such as 5G.

Orange also operates a network for the supply of voice services for international businesses, based on the international IP MPLS network.

In addition, several centralized platforms were rolled out on international transit points to provide value-added services to mobile operators.

Network Resilience

Network resilience ensuring continuity of services is an essential element of Orange’s purpose as a trusted operator. Orange’s network resilience approach focuses on anticipation, by choosing the architectures most likely to resist hazards. This includes anticipating future climate conditions and the weather events they will produce; and assessing the system’s ability to anticipate and absorb potential disruptions, to develop ways to adapt to changes in the system itself (such as the introduction of a new technology, or external changes), and to enhance its ability to withstand disruptions and recover as quickly as possible after a shock.

Orange’s network resilience is built on:

Transmission and transport networks structured in loops in order to ensure a minimum service in the event of a branch outage;

Redundancy at various levels (sites, energy chains, equipment and servers) in order to compensate for failures of individual units;

Anticipation and prevention capabilities to detect and implement the first redundancy and diversity mechanisms. Historically, these capabilities referred to the robustness of the network;

Absorption capabilities with defense mechanisms, including congestion or overload control mechanisms;

Adjustment capabilities to reduce the impact of incidents on the services provided to customers; and

Repair capabilities to restore normal functioning.

Intellectual Property and Licensing

As of December 31, 2022, the company had a portfolio of more than 9,800 patents or patent applications in France and abroad protecting its innovations.

In 2022, 207 new inventions were patented, including major technical contributions to standardization (5G, coding, video, etc.). These inventions mainly come from the company’s Innovation Research Centers in France and abroad;

Regulation

Orange’s business activities are governed by several laws:

The Law of July 16, 2004 relating to telecommunications which transposes into national law the 2002 Telecoms Package on electronic communications;

The Law of February 16, 2007 on competition and consumer protection;

The Law of December 2012, transposing EU directives issued in 2009, which came into force on January 21, 2013; and

The Law of May 7, 2010, on developing telecommunication networks and services, which provides access to telecommunication and other technical infrastructures financed through public funds. This law was revised and amended on August 30, 2019, by transposing Directive 2014/61/EU on broadband cost reduction.

History

The company was formerly known as France Telecom S.A. and changed its name to Orange S.A. in 2013.

Country
Founded:
Data Unavailable
IPO Date:
10/20/1997
ISIN Number:
I_FR0000133308

Contact Details

Address:
111, quai du Président Roosevelt, CS 70222, Issy-les-Moulineaux, Ile-de-France, 92449, France
Phone Number
33 1 44 44 22 22

Key Executives

CEO:
Heydemann, Christel
CFO
Martinez, Laurent
COO:
Data Unavailable